The generation of wear debris is an inevitable result of normal usage of joint replacements.
Wear debris particles stimulate local and systemic biological reactions resulting in chronic …

The purpose of the review is to consider pathomechanisms of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), which
could explain the female dominance (9:1), the most common age of onset (40–50 years) …

Background Biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are recommended
for radiographic axial spondyloarthritis, otherwise known as ankylosing spondylitis, when …

Background Ixekizumab, a high-affinity interleukin-17A (IL-17A) monoclonal antibody, has
previously shown efficacy in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (also known as ankylosing …

The innate immune sensors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization
domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), can recognize not only exogenous pathogen-…

Objective. Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognizing endogenous and exogenous danger
signals could play a role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our aim was to describe the presence, …

Macrophages phagocytose metallic wear particles and produce mediators, which can induce
cellular host response and aseptic implant loosening. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the …

The aim of this study was to assess, based on observational data from the Finnish Register
of Biological Treatment, the outcomes of switching an initial tumor necrosis factor (TNF) …

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) have been known to act as sensors of innate immunity and
respond to ligands of microbial and endogenous components. Tissues and cells typical for …

Introduction Lag screw cut-out is one of the major postoperative complications on femoral
trochanteric fractures. However, precise analyses of excessive sliding and lag screw cut-out …