Innate immunity is the earliest response to invading microbes and acts to contain infection
in the first minutes to hours of challenge. Unlike adaptive immunity that relies upon clonal …

The innate immune system is comprised of a sophisticated network of recognition and effector
molecules that act together to protect the host in the first minutes or hours of exposure to …

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in the control
of immune responses. However, its mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. Here, …

Little is known about the innate immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
coronavirus (CoV) infection. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), a key molecule in innate …

Interstitial osmolality is a key homeostatic variable that varies depending on the tissue
microenvironment. Mammalian cells have effective mechanisms to cope with osmotic stress by …

Phagocytosis is a fundamental cellular process that is pivotal for immunity as it coordinates
microbial killing, innate immune activation and antigen presentation. An essential step in this …

Background. Previous studies have shown associations between low mannose-binding lectin
(MBL) level or variant MBL2 genotype and sepsis susceptibility. However, MBL deficiency …

Innate immunity is the first-line defense against pathogens and relies on phagocytes, soluble
components, and cell-surface and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors. Despite using …

Background Cytokines play important roles in antiviral action. We examined whether
polymorphisms of IFN-γ,TNF-α and IL-10 affect the susceptibility to and outcome of severe acute …

Although infections with virulent pathogens often induce a strong inflammatory reaction,
what drives the increased immune response to pathogens compared to nonpathogenic …