Background There is a need for agents that suppress inflammation and progression of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) has …

Objectives Increasing evidence suggests that an elevated peripheral monocyte count at
presentation predicts a poor prognosis in various types of malignancy, including malignant …

Background: The association between gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation has so far remained unclear. …

Rationale: Low-attenuation areas assessed by computed tomography reflect the extent of
pathological emphysema and correlate with airflow limitation and mortality in patients with …

Background Osteoporosis is one of the important systemic features of COPD. Although COPD
itself is regarded as one risk factor for osteoporosis, the relationship between the extent of …

An increased mean platelet volume (MPV) is an early marker of platelet activation. MPV was
also shown to be associated with the pathophysiological characteristics of various types of …

Background Aspiration pneumonia is an urgent health concern with high mortality and long
hospitalization in industrialized and aging countries. However, there is no information about …

Background Health status, dyspnea and psychological status are important clinical outcomes
in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, forced expiratory volume in …

OBJECTIVES Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a unique disorder
that is usually diagnosed on the basis of high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) …

Objective Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) is a viral RNA sensor induced
by SARS-CoV-2. Similarities have been reported between the clinical presentations of …