Innate and adaptive immunity represent a harmonic counterbalanced system involved in the
induction, progression, and possibly resolution of the inflammatory reaction that …

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease
characterized by chronic and progressive tissue and organ fibrosis with broad patient-to-…

Background and aim Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease;
the clinical manifestations are correlated with continuum multiarticular synovitis, cartilage …

Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disorder characterized by immune system
alterations, vasculopathy and fibrosis. SSc-related interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a …

Glucocorticoids (GC) exert many complex quantitative and qualitative immunosuppressive
effects that induce cellular immunodeficiency and consequently might increase host …

Objective. To investigate possible correlations between fingertip blood perfusion (FBP)
status, assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), and morphological microvascular …

An M2 pre-eminent phenotype has been postulated for SSc monocytes/macrophages. 2 The
aim of the study was to widen a phenotype characterisation (M1, M2 and mixed M1/M2) of …

Introduction Co-stimulatory signal B7(CD80/CD86):CD28 is needed in order to activate T
cells in immune response. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-immunoglobulin (…

Objective. We evaluated endothelin (ET)-1 plasma levels and some clinical measures in
patients with primary Raynaud’s phenomenon (PRP), and in patients with systemic sclerosis (…

Objective Vitamin D deficiency seems to be involved in the development and severity of
autoimmune/inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To evaluate the influence …