Increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, in developed
nations is associated with changes to the microbial environment, such as decreased …

Nod2 has been extensively characterized as a bacterial sensor that induces an antimicrobial
and inflammatory gene expression program. Therefore, it is unclear why Nod2 mutations …

The small and large intestine of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have evolved to have discrete
functions with distinct anatomies and immune cell composition. The importance of these …

Genetic and environmental factors shape host susceptibility to infection, but how and how
rapidly environmental variation might alter the susceptibility of mammalian genotypes remains …

Objective Fibrotic tissues are characterized by excessive crosslinking between extracellular
matrix (ECM) proteins, rendering them more resistant to degradation. Although increased …

Background Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are believed to be driven by dysregulated
interactions between the host and the gut microbiota. Our goal is to characterize and infer …

The ability of the colon to generate an immune response to pathogens, such as the model
pathogen Trichuris muris, is a fundamental and critical defense mechanism. Resistance to T. …

Much of our understanding of gut-microbial interactions has come from mouse models. Intestinal
immunity is complex and a combination of host genetics and environmental factors play …

Objective. Targeting the interleukin 17 (IL-17) axis is efficacious in psoriasis and spondyloarthritis
(SpA), but not in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We investigated potential differences in …

T cells are critical cells for the development of adaptive immune responses and protective
immunity. However, before T cells can act, they must be switched on which is done by …