Primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disorder caused by autoantibody-mediated
platelet destruction and decreased platelet production. Rituximab, a B cell–depleting agent, has …

Virus-specific CD8 + T cells play a central role in HIV-1 natural controllers to maintain suppressed
viremia in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. These cells display a memory program …

In the search for control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection without
antiretroviral therapy, posttreatment controllers (PTCs) are models of HIV remission. To better …

Importance Severe pneumonia with hyperinflammation and elevated interleukin-6 is a common
presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objective To determine whether …

Objective A number of open‐label studies have suggested the potential benefit of rituximab (RTX)
in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, in 2 recent randomized controlled …

Chronic activation of the immune system is a hallmark of progressive HIV infection and better
predicts disease outcome than plasma viral load, yet its etiology remains obscure. Here we …

Objective Because it has no unique clinical, biologic, or histologic features, reactive
hemophagocytic syndrome may be difficult to distinguish from other diseases such as severe sepsis …

Background Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia have an excess of inflammation and
increased concentrations of cytokines including interleukin-1 (IL-1). We aimed to determine …

Cancer immunotherapies have changed the landscape of cancer treatment during the past
few decades. Among them, immune checkpoint inhibitors, which target PD-1, PD-L1 and …

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces HIV-associated morbidities and mortalities
but cannot cure the infection. Given the difficulty of eradicating HIV-1, a functional cure for …