The body’s capacity to restore damaged neural networks in the injured CNS is severely
limited. Although various treatment regimens can partially alleviate spinal cord injury (SCI), the …

Because of their ability to self-renew, to differentiate into multiple lineages, and to migrate
toward a damaged site, neural stem cells (NSCs), which can be derived from various sources …

Astrocytes play important roles in brain development and injury response. Transcription factors
STAT3 and Smad1, activated by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and bone morphogenetic …

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) can cause severe and irreversible
paralysis in not only the cervical spine but also the thoracolumbar spine. To date, however, …

The central nervous system (CNS) is composed of three major cell types – neurons, astrocytes,
and oligodendrocytes – which differentiate from common multipotent neural stem cells (…

Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), a methyl-CpG-binding domain protein family
member which is expressed predominantly in neurons in the nervous system, acts as a …

Intracellular accumulation of altered proteins, including p62 and ubiquitinated proteins, is
the basis of most neurodegenerative disorders. The relationship among the accumulation of …

The Hedgehog pathway is activated in various types of malignancies. We previously reported
that inhibition of SMO or GLI prevents osteosarcoma growth in vitro and in vivo. Recently, it …

Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA), an established antiepileptic drug, has been reported
to impair postnatal cognitive function in children born to VPA-treated epileptic mothers. …

The efficacy and safety of chemical prophylaxis to prevent the development of deep venous
thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) following spine surgery are controversial …