Chondrogenesis is the earliest phase of skeletal development, involving mesenchymal cell
recruitment and migration, condensation of progenitors, and chondrocyte differentiation, and …

Objective High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 (HMGB‐1), a nuclear DNA binding
protein, was recently rediscovered as a new proinflammatory cytokine. The purpose of this …

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder characterized by breakdown of articular cartilage.
Degradation of aggrecan, which together with type II collagen provides cartilage with its …

Object. Controversy exists concerning the indications for surgery and choice of surgical
procedure for patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis. The goals of this study were to …

Objective. To describe the surgical outcomes in patients with ossification of the posterior
longitudinal ligament in the thoracic spine (T-OPLL) and to clarify factors related to the surgical …

The NF-κB/IκB signaling pathway is a critical regulator of cell survival in cancer. Here, we
report that combined down-regulation of growth arrest- and DNA-damage-inducible proteins (…

The growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45β (GADD45β) gene product has been
implicated in the stress response, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis. Here we demonstrated the …

Objective To investigate the role of the collagen receptor discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR‐2)
in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Methods Histologic and immunohistochemical …

Objective Our previous study suggested that growth arrest and DNA damage–inducible
protein 45β (GADD45β) prolonged the survival of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the developing …

The Hedgehog pathway functions as an organizer in embryonic development. Aberrant
activation of the Hedgehog pathway has been reported in various types of malignant tumours. …