OBJECTIVES: This review examines the burden and patterns of disease in systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) and the influence and interactions of gender, ethnicity, age, and …

Autoimmune diseases are among the leading causes of death among young and middle-aged
women in the United States. Incidence rates vary among the autoimmune diseases, with …

Previous studies have estimated a prevalence of a broad grouping of autoimmune diseases
of 3.2%, based on literature review of studies published between 1965 and 1995, and 5.3%, …

Evidence from animal models and prospective studies of RA, multiple sclerosis, and type-1
diabetes suggest an important role for vitamin D as a modifiable environmental factor in …

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms have been strongly associated with bone mineral
density (BMD) in some studies but not in others. We used a meta‐analytic approach to …

Occupational exposure to silica dust has been examined as a possible risk factor with respect
to several systemic autoimmune diseases, including scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, …

Objective We performed a systematic review of the epidemiology literature to identify the male
reproductive effects associated with phthalate exposure. Data sources and study eligibility …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review exposure assessment issues that need to be
addressed in designing and interpreting epidemiology studies of phthalates, a class of …

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between age at menopause
and mortality in a population-based sample of women in the United States. METHODS…

Objective Crystalline silica may act as an immune adjuvant to increase inflammation and
antibody production, and findings of occupational cohort studies suggest that silica exposure …