Traumatic brain injury leads to cellular damage which in turn results in the rapid release of
damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that prompt resident cells to release …

Background Excessive tool-tissue interaction forces often result in tissue damage and
intraoperative complications, while insufficient forces prevent the completion of the task. This …

Study Design: Mixed-method consensus process. Objectives: Degenerative cervical
myelopathy (DCM) is a common and disabling condition that arises when mechanical stress …

Study Design Modified DELPHI Consensus Process Objective To agree a single unifying
term and definition. Globally, cervical myelopathy caused by degenerative changes to the …

The next generation of surgical robotics is poised to disrupt healthcare systems worldwide,
requiring new frameworks for evaluation. However, evaluation during a surgical robot’s …

Simple Summary Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science that enables
machines to learn, reason, and problem solve. In recent decades, AI has been developed with …

Purpose Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea (CSFR) remains a frequent complication
of endonasal approaches to pituitary and skull base tumours. Watertight skull base …

OBJECTIVE Surgical workflow analysis involves systematically breaking down operations
into key phases and steps. Automatic analysis of this workflow has potential uses for surgical …

Purpose Surgical workflow analysis seeks to systematically break down operations into
hierarchal components. It facilitates education, training, and understanding of surgical variations. …

Introduction The gold-standard treatment for symptomatic anterior skull base meningiomas
is surgical resection. The endoscope-assisted supraorbital “keyhole” approach (eSKA) is a …