Twelve years ago, Ralph Adams published an article in ANALYTICAL Chemistry concerning
brain chemis-try (1). He described a number of elec-troanalytical techniques that were be-…

INTRODUCTION Among the enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors (1-4) for the
determination of clinicaland industrial analytes, the most widely used and studied are those for …

Implantable biosensors are valuable scientific tools for basic neuroscience research and
clinical applications. Neurotechnologies provide direct readouts of neurological signal and …

… Adrian C. Michael began his career in electrochemistry as a graduate student in the … in the
Department of Chemistry at the University of Pittsburgh under the direction of Adrian Michael. …

Objective. This randomized controlled study addressed whether sonographic needle
guidance affected clinical outcomes of intraarticular (IA) joint injections. Methods. In total, 148 …

This paper describes electrochemical microsensors for the in vivo measurement of glutamate
and ascorbate in the extracellular space of brain tissue. To prepare glutamate microsensors…

Amperometric sensors have been developed for hydrogen peroxide, choline, and
acetylcholine by immobilization of horseradish peroxidase,(HRP), choline oxidase, and ace-…

Establishing in vivo microdialysis methods for the quantitative determination of dopamine
concentrations in the extracellular space of the brain is an important yet challenging objective. …

Microdialysis is often applied to understanding brain function. Because neurotransmission
involves rapid events, increasing the temporal resolution of in vivo measurements is desirable…

Intracortical neural probes enable researchers to measure electrical and chemical signals
in the brain. However, penetration injury from probe insertion into living brain tissue leads to …