Objective: To characterize the findings associated with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome [SS]) and the response of SS to treatment.
Design: We retrospectively reviewed 48 cases of SS encountered at the Mayo Clinic between 1980 and 1992.
Material and methods: Histopathologic specimens and medical records were studied to determine initial manifestations, patterns of involvement, systemic signs and symptoms (including mucosal, musculoskeletal, hematologic, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal findings), and conditions associated with SS.
Results: In patients with SS, the typical manifestations are the acute onset of tender, erythematous or violaceous nodules or plaques in association with fever, leukocytosis, and dermal neutrophilia. In our study group, the cutaneous lesions most frequently involved the arms and legs. Of our 48 patients, 26 (54%) had a hematopoietic, plasma cell, or malignant disorder, and many of these patients had associated anemia, especially the male patients. No single laboratory finding specifically indicated an association with serious systemic disease. Most patients were treated with a tapering dose of prednisone, which yielded a good response.
Conclusion: Clinical acumen and appropriate laboratory tests are the main requirements for detection of hematologic disorders, internal malignant diseases, or other systemic conditions associated with SS.