1 The natural history of acute gouty arthritis was studied in 11 volunteers with podagra. 2 Two patients withdrew from the study on day 4 because of severe persistent pain. Of the remaining patients all showed some improvement in pain by day 5 and in swelling by day 7. Tenderness improved in seven patients by day 7 but two continued to experience the same amount of discomfort as at trial entry. In spite of these improvements only three patients noted resolution of their pain during the study period. 3 These data indicate that while the majority of patients show spontaneous improvement, resolution is unlikely over a period of 7 days without the use of effective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication. 4 Documentation of the natural history of the acute gouty attack may assist clinical investigators in interpreting the results of uncontrolled evaluations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.