Cost-effectiveness analysis of HLA-B*5801 testing in preventing allopurinol-induced SJS/TEN in Thai population

PLoS One. 2014 Apr 14;9(4):e94294. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094294. eCollection 2014.

Abstract

Background: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), caused by allopurinol therapy, are strongly associated with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA), HLA-B*5801. Identification of HLA-B*5801 genotype before prescribing allopurinol offers the possibility of avoiding allopurinol-induced SJS/TEN. As there is a paucity of evidence about economic value of such testing, this study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of HLA-B*5801 testing compared with usual care (no genetic testing) before allopurinol administration in Thailand.

Methods and finding: A decision analytical and Markov model was used to estimate life time costs and outcomes represented as quality adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. The model was populated with relevant information of the association between gene and allopurinol-induced SJS/TEN, test characteristics, costs, and epidemiologic data for Thailand from a societal perspective. Input data were obtained from the literature and a retrospective database analysis. The results were expressed as incremental cost per QALY gained. A base-case analysis was performed for patients at age 30. A series of sensitivity analyses including scenario, one-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were constructed to explore the robustness of the findings. Based on a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 patients, the incremental total cost was 923,919 THB (USD 29,804) and incremental QALY was 5.89 with an ICER of 156,937.04 THB (USD 5,062) per QALY gained. The cost of gout management, incidence of SJS/TEN, case fatality rate of SJS/TEN, and cost of genetic testing are considered very influential parameters on the cost-effectiveness value of HLA-B*5801 testing.

Conclusions: The genetic testing for HLA-B*5801 before allopurinol administration is considered a highly potential cost-effective intervention in Thailand. The findings are sensitive to a number of factors. In addition to cost-effectiveness findings, consideration of other factors including ethical, legal, and social implications is needed for an informed policy decision making.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Allopurinol / adverse effects*
  • Cost-Benefit Analysis*
  • Decision Support Techniques
  • Genetic Testing / economics*
  • HLA-B Antigens / economics*
  • HLA-B Antigens / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / economics
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / genetics*
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / prevention & control*
  • Thailand
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • HLA-B Antigens
  • Allopurinol

Grants and funding

This study was supported by grants from National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand. Dr. Wichittra Tassaneeyakul was supported by the Higher Education Research Promotion and National Research University Project of Thailand, Office of the High Education Commission, through the Health cluster (SHeP-GMS). Dr. Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk was supported by Talent Enhancement Scheme Research Grant (TES), Monash University Malaysia. The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis and interpretation of data; and preparation of the manuscript.