Abstract
Allopurinol is the most commonly used drug for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. However, allopurinol is also one of the most common causes of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), which include drug hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. A variant allele of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B, HLA-B*58:01, associates strongly with allopurinolinduced SCAR. We have summarized the evidence from the published literature and developed peer-reviewed guidelines for allopurinol use based on HLA-B genotype.
Publication types
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Practice Guideline
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
MeSH terms
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Alleles
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Allopurinol / administration & dosage*
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Allopurinol / adverse effects
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
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Genotype
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Gout / drug therapy
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Gout Suppressants / administration & dosage*
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Gout Suppressants / adverse effects
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HLA-B Antigens / genetics*
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Humans
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Hyperuricemia / drug therapy
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Pharmacogenetics
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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / chemically induced
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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / etiology
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Stevens-Johnson Syndrome / genetics*
Substances
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Gout Suppressants
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HLA-B Antigens
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HLA-B*58:01 antigen
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Allopurinol