The wide availability and recent improvement in technology coupled with portability, low cost and safety makes ultrasound the first choice imaging investigation for the evaluation of musculoskeletal diseases. Diagnostic use of ultrasound findings is greatly enhanced by knowledge of the clinical presentation. Conversely, ultrasound skills with its prerequisite anatomical knowledge make the clinical diagnosis more precise and reduce uncertainty in the choice of therapy. Therefore, it is essential for rheumatologists to acquire ultrasonography skills in order to improve patient care. Ultrasound examination provides an excellent opportunity for patient education and to explain the rationale for therapy. This review summarizes the indications for musculoskeletal ultrasound and describes its role in diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis.
Keywords: advances in MSK ultrasound; carpal tunnel syndrome; crystal arthritis; early diagnosis; epicondylitis; osteoarthritis; paediatric rheumatology; pain management; polymyalgia rheumatic; psoriatic arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis; seronegative spondyloarthropathy; sports medicine; ultrasonography; vasculitis.