Abstract
The cloning of leptin in 1994 by Zhang et al. introduced a novel concept about white adipose tissue (WAT) as a very dynamic organ that releases a plethora of immune and inflammatory mediators, such as adipokines and cytokines, which are involved in multiple diseases. Actually, adipokines exert potent modulatory actions on target tissues involved in rheumatic diseases including cartilage, synovial, bone and immune cells. The goal of this paper is to elucidate the recent findings concerning the involvement of adipokines in rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
Keywords:
adipokines; cytokines; energetic homeostasis; immune response; immune tolerance; metabolism; rheumatic diseases; white adipose tissue (WAT).
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Review
MeSH terms
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Acute-Phase Proteins / immunology
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Acute-Phase Proteins / metabolism
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Adipokines / immunology*
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Adipokines / metabolism
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Adipose Tissue, White / immunology
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Adipose Tissue, White / metabolism
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Animals
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Apelin
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / immunology
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Arthritis, Rheumatoid / physiopathology
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Chemokines / immunology
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Chemokines / metabolism
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Chondrocytes / drug effects
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Chondrocytes / immunology
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Humans
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Inflammation Mediators / immunology
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Inflammation Mediators / metabolism
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / immunology
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / metabolism
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Lipocalin-2
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Lipocalins / immunology
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Lipocalins / metabolism
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Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / immunology
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Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / physiopathology
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Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / antagonists & inhibitors
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Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / metabolism
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Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase / pharmacology
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Osteoarthritis / immunology
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Osteoarthritis / physiopathology
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / immunology
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism
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Rheumatic Diseases / immunology*
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Rheumatic Diseases / physiopathology
Substances
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APLN protein, human
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Acute-Phase Proteins
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Adipokines
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Apelin
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Chemokines
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Inflammation Mediators
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Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
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LCN2 protein, human
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Lipocalin-2
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Lipocalins
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Proto-Oncogene Proteins
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RARRES2 protein, human
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Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase