Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Review
  • Published:

NF-κB and the immune response

Abstract

One of the primary physiological roles of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is in the immune system. In particular, NF-κB family members control the transcription of cytokines and antimicrobial effectors as well as genes that regulate cellular differentiation, survival and proliferation, thereby regulating various aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, NF-κB also contributes to the development and survival of the cells and tissues that carry out immune responses in mammals. This review, therefore, describes the role of the NF-κB pathway in the development and functioning of the immune system.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Rent or buy this article

Prices vary by article type

from$1.95

to$39.95

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abe K, Yarovinsky FO, Murakami T, Shakhov AN, Tumanov AV, Ito D et al. (2003). Blood 101: 1477–1483.

  • Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O . (2006). Cell 124: 783–801.

  • Alcamo E, Hacohen N, Schulte LC, Rennert PD, Hynes RO, Baltimore D . (2002). J Exp Med 195: 233–244.

  • Alcamo E, Mizgerd JP, Horwitz BH, Bronson R, Beg AA, Scott M et al. (2001). J Immunol 167: 1592–1600.

  • Alexopoulou L, Holt AC, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA . (2001). Nature 413: 732–738.

  • Andrejeva J, Childs KS, Young DF, Carlos TS, Stock N, Goodbourn S et al. (2004). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 17264–17269.

  • Aruffo A, Farrington M, Hollenbaugh D, Li X, Milatovich A, Nonoyama S et al. (1993). Cell 72: 291–300.

  • Ayabe T, Satchell DP, Wilson CL, Parks WC, Selsted ME, Ouellette AJ . (2000). Nat Immunol 1: 113–118.

  • Balachandran S, Thomas E, Barber GN . (2004). Nature 432: 401–405.

  • Banerjee D, Liou H-C, Sen R . (2005). Immunity 23: 445–458.

  • Barton GM, Kagan JC, Medzhitov R . (2006). Nat Immunol 7: 49–56.

  • Batten M, Groom J, Cachero TG, Qian F, Schneider P, Tschopp J et al. (2000). J Exp Med 192: 1453–1466.

  • Beg AA, Sha WC, Bronson RT, Baltimore D . (1995). Genes Dev 9: 2736–2746.

  • Bernasconi NL, Traggiai E, Lanzavecchia A . (2002). Science 298: 2199–2202.

  • Bertin J, Wang L, Guo Y, Jacobson MD, Poyet JL, Srinivasula SM et al. (2001). J Biol Chem 276: 11877–11882.

  • Bonizzi G, Karin M . (2004). Trends Immunol 25: 280–288.

  • Burkly L, Hession C, Ogata L, Reilly C, Marconi LA, Olson D et al. (1995). Nature 373: 531–536.

  • Burns K, Clatworthy J, Martin L, Martinon F, Plumpton C, Maschera B et al. (2000). Nat Cell Biol 2: 346–351.

  • Caamano JH, Perez P, Lira SA, Bravo R . (1996). Mol Cell Biol 16: 1342–1348.

  • Caamano JH, Rizzo CA, Durham SK, Barton DS, Raventos-Suarez C, Snapper CM et al. (1998). J Exp Med 187: 185–196.

  • Campos MA, Almeida IC, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Valente EP, Procopio DO et al. (2001). J Immunol 167: 416–423.

  • Carrasco D, Cheng J, Lewin A, Warr G, Yang H, Rizzo C et al. (1998). J Exp Med 187: 973–984.

  • Catley MC, Chivers JE, Cambridge LM, Holden N, Slater DM, Staples KJ et al. (2003). FEBS Lett 547: 75–79.

  • Claudio E, Brown K, Park S, Wang H, Siebenlist U . (2002). Nat Immunol 3: 958–965.

  • Coban C, Ishii KJ, Kawai T, Hemmi H, Sato S, Uematsu S et al. (2005). J Exp Med 201: 19–25.

  • Corn RA, Hunter C, Liou H-C, Siebenlist U, Boothby MR . (2005). J Immunol 175: 2102–2110.

  • Courtois G, Gilmore TD . (2006). Oncogene 25: 6831–6843.

  • Covert MW, Leung TH, Gaston JE, Baltimore D . (2005). Science 309: 1854–1857.

  • Das J, Chen CH, Yang L, Cohn L, Ray P, Ray A . (2001). Nat Immunol 2: 45–50.

  • Dejardin E, Droin NM, Delhase M, Haas E, Cao Y, Makris C et al. (2002). Immunity 17: 525–535.

  • Devin A, Cook A, Lin Y, Rodriguez Y, Kelliher M, Liu Z . (2000). Immunity 12: 419–429.

  • Devin A, Lin Y, Yamaoka S, Li Z, Karin M, Liu Z . (2001). Mol Cell Biol 21: 3986–3994.

  • Didierlaurent A, Brissoni B, Velin D, Aebi N, Tardivel A, Kaslin E et al. (2006). Mol Cell Biol 26: 735–742.

  • Diebold SS, Kaisho T, Hemmi H, Akira S, Reis e Sousa C . (2004). Science 303: 1529–1531.

  • Doi TS, Takahashi T, Taguchi O, Azuma T, Obata Y . (1997). J Exp Med 185: 953–961.

  • Dougall WC, Glaccum M, Charrier K, Rohrbach K, Brasel K, De Smedt T et al. (1999). Genes Dev 13: 2412–2424.

  • Dutta j, Fan Y, Gupta N, Fan G, Gélinas C . (2006). Oncogene 25: 6800–6816.

  • Eck SL, Perkins ND, Carr DP, Nabel GJ . (1993). Mol Cell Biol 13: 6530–6536.

  • Egawa T, Albrecht B, Favier B, Sunshine MJ, Mirchandani K, O'Brien W et al. (2003). Curr Biol 13: 1252–1258.

  • Feng B, Cheng S, Hsia CY, King LB, Monroe JG, Liou H-C . (2004). Cell Immunol 232: 9–20.

  • Fitzgerald KA, Palsson-McDermott EM, Bowie AG, Jefferies CA, Mansell AS, Brady G et al. (2001). Nature 413: 78–83.

  • Fitzgerald KA, Rowe DC, Barnes BJ, Caffrey DR, Visintin A, Latz E et al. (2003). J Exp Med 198: 1043–1055.

  • Franchi L, Amer A, Body-Malapel M, Kanneganti TD, Ozoren N, Jagirdar R et al. (2006). Nat Immunol 7: 576–582.

  • Francois S, El Benna J, Dang PM, Pedruzzi E, Gougerot-Pocidalo MA, Elbim C . (2005). J Immunol 174: 3633–3642.

  • Franzoso G, Carlson L, Poljak L, Shores EW, Epstein S, Leonardi A et al. (1998). J Exp Med 187: 147–159.

  • Franzoso G, Carlson L, Xing L, Poljak L, Shores EW, Brown KD et al. (1997). Genes Dev 11: 3482–3496.

  • French LE, Hahne M, Viard I, Radlgruber G, Zanone R, Becker K et al. (1996). J Cell Biol 133: 335–343.

  • Gaide O, Favier B, Legler DF, Bonnet D, Brissoni B, Valitutti S et al. (2002). Nat Immunol 3: 836–843.

  • Gaide O, Martinon F, Micheau O, Bonnet D, Thome M, Tschopp J . (2001). FEBS Lett 496: 121–127.

  • Gazzinelli RT, Ropert C, Campos MA . (2004). Immunol Rev 201: 9–25.

  • Ghosh P, Tan TH, Rice NR, Sica A, Young HA . (1993). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 1696–1700.

  • Gilmore TD . (2006). Oncogene 25: 6680–6684.

  • Goudeau B, Huetz F, Samson S, Di Santo JP, Cumano A, Beg A et al. (2003). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100: 15800–15805.

  • Gross JA, Dillon SR, Mudri S, Johnston J, Littau A, Roque R et al. (2001). Immunity 15: 289–302.

  • Grossmann M, Metcalf D, Merryfull J, Beg A, Baltimore D, Gerondakis S . (1999). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 11848–11853.

  • Grossmann M, O'Reilly LA, Gugasyan R, Strasser A, Adams JM, Gerondakis S . (2000). EMBO J 19: 6351–6360.

  • Grumont RJ, Rourke IJ, Gerondakis S . (1999). Genes Dev 13: 400–411.

  • Grumont RJ, Rourke IJ, O'Reilly LA, Strasser A, Miyake K, Sha W et al. (1998). J Exp Med 187: 663–674.

  • Grundstrom S, Anderson P, Scheipers P, Sundstedt A . (2004). J Biol Chem 279: 8460–8468.

  • Hara H, Wada T, Bakal C, Kozieradzki I, Suzuki S, Suzuki N et al. (2003). Immunity 18: 763–775.

  • Hayashi F, Smith KD, Ozinsky A, Hawn TR, Yi EC, Goodlett DR et al. (2001). Nature 410: 1099–1103.

  • Hayden MS, Ghosh S . (2004). Genes Dev 18: 2195–2224.

  • Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Kirschning C, Akira S et al. (2004). Science 303: 1526–1529.

  • Hemmi H, Kaisho T, Takeuchi O, Sato S, Sanjo H, Hoshino K et al. (2002). Nat Immunol 3: 196–200.

  • Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Kaisho T, Sato S, Sanjo H et al. (2000). Nature 408: 740–745.

  • Hemmi H, Takeuchi O, Sato S, Yamamoto M, Kaisho T, Sanjo H et al. (2004). J Exp Med 199: 1641–1650.

  • Hettmann T, DiDonato J, Karin M, Leiden JM . (1999). J Exp Med 189: 145–158.

  • Hinton HJ, Alessi DR, Cantrell DA . (2004). Nat Immunol 5: 539–545.

  • Honda K, Yanai H, Mizutani T, Negishi N, Shimada N, Susuki N et al. (2003). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 15416–15421.

  • Horng T, Barton GM, Flavell RA, Medzhitov R . (2002). Nature 420: 329–333.

  • Hornung V, Rothenfusser S, Britsch S, Krug A, Jahrsdorfer B, Giese T et al. (2002). J Immunol 168: 4531–4537.

  • Horwitz BH, Scott ML, Cherry SR, Bronson RT, Baltimore D . (1997). Immunity 6: 765–772.

  • Horwitz BH, Zelazowski P, Shen Y, Wolcott KM, Scott ML, Baltimore D et al. (1999). J Immunol 162: 1941–1946.

  • Hsu H, Shu HB, Pan MG, Goeddel DV . (1996). Cell 84: 299–308.

  • Huang Q, Yang J, Lin Y, Walker C, Cheng J, Liu ZG et al. (2004). Nat Immunol 5: 98–103.

  • Hueber AO . (2003). Cell Death Differ 10: 7–9.

  • Hwang ES, Hong JH, Glimcher LH . (2005). J Exp Med 202: 1289–1300.

  • Inohara N, Nunez G . (2003). Nat Rev Immunol 3: 371–382.

  • Inohara N, Koseki T, Lin J, del Peso L, Lucas PC, Chen FF et al. (2000). J Biol Chem 275: 27823–27831.

  • Ishii KJ, Coban C, Kato H, Takahashi K, Torii Y, Takeshita F et al. (2006). Nat Immunol 7: 40–48.

  • Ivanov VN, Nikolic-Zugic J . (1997). J Biol Chem 272: 8558–8566.

  • Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R . (2004). Nat Immunol 5: 987–995.

  • Janeway Jr CA . (1989). Cold Spring Harbor Symp Quant Biol 54 (Part 1): 1–13.

  • Jeremias I, Kupatt C, Baumann B, Herr I, Wirth T, Debatin KM . (1998). Blood 91: 4624–4631.

  • Jimi E, Ghosh S . (2005). Immunol Rev 208: 80–87.

  • Jimi E, Phillips RJ, Rincon M, Voll R, Karasuyama H, Flavell R et al. (2005). Int Immunol 17: 815–825.

  • Jurk M, Heil F, Vollmer J, Schetter C, Krieg AM, Wagner H et al. (2002). Nat Immunol 3: 499.

  • Kagan JC, Medzhitov R . (2006). Cell 125: 943–955.

  • Kaisho T, Takeda K, Tsujimura T, Kawai T, Nomura F, Terada N et al. (2001). J Exp Med 193: 417–426.

  • Kajiura F, Sun S, Nomura T, Izumi K, Ueno T, Bando Y et al. (2004). J Immunol 172: 2067–2075.

  • Kang DC, Gopalkrishnan RV, Wu Q, Jankowsky E, Pyle AM, Fisher PB . (2002). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99: 637–642.

  • Kariko K, Buckstein M, Ni H, Weissman D . (2005). Immunity 23: 165–175.

  • Kato H, Sato S, Yoneyama M, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Matsui K et al. (2005). Immunity 23: 19–28.

  • Kato H, Takeuchi O, Sato S, Yoneyama M, Yamamoto M, Matsui K et al. (2006). Nature 441: 101–105.

  • Kawai T, Adachi O, Ogawa T, Takeda K, Akira S . (1999). Immunity 11: 115–122.

  • Kawai T, Takahashi K, Sato S, Coban C, Kumar H, Kato H et al. (2005). Nat Immunol 6: 981–988.

  • Kelliher MA, Grimm S, Ishida Y, Kuo F, Stanger BZ, Leder P . (1998). Immunity 8: 297–303.

  • Khoshnan A, Bae D, Tindell CA, Nel AE . (2000). J Immunol 165: 6933–6940.

  • Kinjyo I, Hanada T, Inagaki-Ohara K, Mori H, Aki D, Ohishi M et al. (2002). Immunity 17: 583–591.

  • Kinoshita D, Hirota F, Kaisho T, Kasai M, Izumi K, Bando Y et al. (2006). J Immunol 176: 3995–4002.

  • Kishimoto H, Surh CD, Sprent J . (1998). J Exp Med 187: 1427–1438.

  • Kobayashi K, Hernandez LD, Galan JE, Janeway Jr CA, Medzhitov R, Flavell RA . (2002). Cell 110: 191–202.

  • Koike R, Nishimura T, Yasumizu R, Tanaka H, Hataba Y, Watanabe T et al. (1996). Eur J Immunol 26: 669–675.

  • Komai-Koma M, Jones L, Ogg GS, Xu D, Liew FY . (2004). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 3029–3034.

  • Köntgen F, Grumont RJ, Strasser A, Metcalf D, Li R, Tarlinton D et al. (1995). Genes Dev 9: 1965–1977.

  • Kopp E, Medzhitov R, Carothers J, Xiao C, Douglas I, Janeway CA et al. (1999). Genes Dev 13: 2059–2071.

  • Kraus M, Alimzhanov MB, Rajewsky N, Rajewsky K . (2004). Cell 117: 787–800.

  • Kriehuber E, Bauer W, Charbonnier AS, Winter D, Amatschek S, Tamandl D et al. (2005). Blood 106: 175–183.

  • Krug A, French AR, Barchet W, Fischer JA, Dzionek A, Pingel JT et al. (2004). Immunity 21: 107–119.

  • Kurt-Jones EA, Popova L, Kwinn L, Haynes LM, Jones LP, Tripp RA et al. (2000). Nat Immunol 1: 398–401.

  • Lai WC, Zhou M, Shankavaram U, Peng G, Wahl LM . (2003). J Immunol 170: 6244–6249.

  • Lawrence T, Bebien M, Liu GY, Nizet V, Karin M . (2005). Nature 434: 1138–1143.

  • Lawrence T, Gilroy DW, Colville-Nash PR, Willoughby DA . (2001). Nat Med 7: 1291–1297.

  • Lederer JA, Liou JS, Todd MD, Glimcher LH, Lichtman AH . (1994). J Immunol 152: 77–86.

  • Lee KY, D'Acquisto F, Hayden MS, Shim JH, Ghosh S . (2005). Science 308: 114–118.

  • Legler DF, Micheau O, Doucey MA, Tschopp J, Bron C . (2003). Immunity 18: 655–664.

  • Levitz SM . (2004). Microbes Infect 6: 1351–1355.

  • Li H, Kobayashi M, Blonska M, You Y, Lin X . (2006). J Biol Chem 281: 13636–13643.

  • Li Q, Lu Q, Bottero V, Estepa G, Morrison L, Mercurio F et al. (2005). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102: 12425–12430.

  • Li Q, Van Antwerp D, Mercurio F, Lee KF, Verma IM . (1999a). Science 284: 321–325.

  • Li ZW, Chu W, Hu Y, Delhase M, Deerinck T, Ellisman M et al. (1999b). J Exp Med 189: 1839–1845.

  • Li ZW, Omori SA, Labuda T, Karin M, Rickert RC . (2003). J Immunol 170: 4630–4637.

  • Liao G, Zhang M, Harhaj EW, Sun S-C . (2004). J Biol Chem 279: 26243–26250.

  • Lien E, Chow JC, Hawkins LD, McGuinness PD, Miyake K, Espevik T et al. (2001). J Biol Chem 276: 1873–1880.

  • Lin X, Wang D . (2004). Semin Immunol 16: 429–435.

  • Lin X, O'Mahony A, Mu Y, Geleziunas R, Greene WC . (2000). Mol Cell Biol 20: 2933–2940.

  • Lomaga MA, Yeh WC, Sarosi I, Duncan GS, Furlonger C, Ho A et al. (1999). Genes Dev 13: 1015–1024.

  • Lopez CB, Garcia-Sastre A, Williams BR, Moran TM . (2003). J Infect Dis 187: 1126–1136.

  • Lund J, Sato A, Akira S, Medzhitov R, Iwasaki A . (2003). J Exp Med 198: 513–520.

  • Lund JM, Alexopoulou L, Sato A, Karow M, Adams NC, Gale NW et al. (2004). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 5598–5603.

  • Mackay F, Schneider P, Rennert P, Browning J . (2003). Annu Rev Immunol 21: 231–264.

  • Mambula SS, Sau K, Henneke P, Golenbock DT, Levitz SM . (2002). J Biol Chem 277: 39320–39326.

  • Mansell A, Smith R, Doyle SL, Gray P, Fenner JE, Crack PJ et al. (2006). Nat Immunol 7: 148–155.

  • Massari P, Ram S, Macleod H, Wetzler LM . (2003). Trends Microbiol 11: 87–93.

  • Matsumoto R, Wang D, Blonska M, Li H, Kobayashi M, Pappu B et al. (2005). Immunity 23: 575–585.

  • McDonald PP . (2004). Adv Immunol 82: 1–48.

  • McDonald PP, Bald A, Cassatella MA . (1997). Blood 89: 3421–3433.

  • McWhirter SM, Fitzgerald KA, Rosains J, Rowe DC, Golenbock DT, Maniatis T . (2004). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 233–238.

  • Means TK, Wang S, Lien E, Yoshimura A, Golenbock DT, Fenton MJ . (1999). J Immunol 163: 3920–3927.

  • Mebius RE . (2003). Nat Rev Immunol 3: 292–303.

  • Melmed G, Thomas LS, Lee N, Tesfay SY, Lukasek K, Michelsen KS et al. (2003). J Immunol 170: 1406–1415.

  • Meylan E, Burns K, Hofmann K, Blancheteau V, Martinon F, Kelliher M et al. (2004). Nat Immunol 5: 503–507.

  • Meylan E, Curran J, Hofmann K, Moradpour D, Binder M, Bartenschlager R et al. (2005). Nature 437: 1167–1172.

  • Miao EA, Alpuche-Aranda CM, Dors M, Clark AE, Bader MW, Miller SI et al. (2006). Nat Immunol 7: 569–575.

  • Miller LS, Sorensen OE, Liu PT, Jalian HR, Eshtiaghpour D, Behmanesh BE et al. (2005). J Immunol 174: 6137–6143.

  • Minakhina S, Steward R . (2006). Oncogene 25: 6749–6757.

  • Miyawaki S, Nakamura Y, Suzuka H, Koba M, Yasumizu R, Ikehara S et al. (1994). Eur J Immunol 24: 429–434.

  • Mizel SB, West AP, Hantgan RR . (2003). J Biol Chem 278: 23624–23629.

  • Mora A, Youn J, Keegan A, Boothby M . (2001a). J Immunol 166: 2218–2227.

  • Mora AL, Stanley S, Armistead W, Chan AC, Boothby M . (2001b). J Immunol 167: 5628–5635.

  • Motoyama N, Wang F, Roth KA, Sawa H, Nakayama K, Negishi I et al. (1995). Science 267: 1506–1510.

  • Mueller T, Terada T, Rosenberg IM, Shibolet O, Podolsky DK . (2006). J Immunol 176: 5805–5814.

  • Nakagawa R, Naka T, Tsutsui H, Fujimoto M, Kimura A, Abe T et al. (2002). Immunity 17: 677–687.

  • Nakano H, Sakon S, Koseki H, Takemori T, Tada K, Matsumoto M et al. (1999). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96: 9803–9808.

  • Oshiumi H, Matsumoto M, Funami K, Akazawa T, Seya T . (2003). Nat Immunol 4: 161–167.

  • Ouaaz F, Arron J, Zheng Y, Choi Y, Beg AA . (2002). Immunity 16: 257–270.

  • Owyang AM, Tumang JR, Schram BR, Hsia CY, Behrens TW, Rothstein TL et al. (2001). J Immunol 167: 4948–4956.

  • Ozinsky A, Smith KD, Hume D, Underhill DM . (2000). J Endotoxin Res 6: 393–396.

  • Parra E, McGuire K, Hedlund G, Dohlsten M . (1998). J Immunol 160: 5374–5381.

  • Pasare C, Medzhitov R . (2005). Nature 438: 364–368.

  • Pasparakis M, Schmidt-Supprian M, Rajewsky K . (2002). J Exp Med 196: 743–752.

  • Paxian S, Merkle H, Riemann M, Wilda M, Adler G, Hameister H et al. (2002). Gastroenterology 122: 1853–1868.

  • Perkins ND . (2006). Oncogene 25: 6717–6730.

  • Pfeifhofer C, Kofler K, Gruber T, Tabrizi NG, Lutz C, Maly K et al. (2003). J Exp Med 197: 1525–1535.

  • Poligone B, Baldwin AS . (2001). J Biol Chem 276: 38658–38664.

  • Prendes M, Zheng Y, Beg AA . (2003). J Immunol 171: 3963–3969.

  • Pyatt DW, Stillman WS, Yang Y, Gross S, Zheng JH, Irons RD . (1999). Blood 93: 3302–3308.

  • Rao S, Gerondakis S, Woltring D, Shannon MF . (2003). J Immunol 170: 3724–3731.

  • Rowe TM, Rizzi M, Hirose K, Peters GA, Sen GC . (2006). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 5823–5828.

  • Rudolph D, Yeh WC, Wakeham A, Rudolph B, Nallainathan D, Potter J et al. (2000). Genes Dev 14: 854–862.

  • Ruefli-Brasse AA, French DM, Dixit VM . (2003). Science 302: 1581–1584.

  • Ruefli-Brasse AA, Lee WP, Hurst S, Dixit VM . (2004). J Biol Chem 279: 1570–1574.

  • Ruland J, Duncan GS, Elia A, del Barco Barrantes I, Nguyen L, Plyte S et al. (2001). Cell 104: 33–42.

  • Ruland J, Duncan GS, Wakeham A, Mak TW . (2003). Immunity 19: 749–758.

  • Saijo K, Mecklenbrauker I, Santana A, Leitger M, Schmedt C, Tarakhovsky A . (2002). J Exp Med 195: 1647–1652.

  • Samson SI, Memet S, Vosshenrich CA, Colucci F, Richard O, Ndiaye D et al. (2004). Blood 103: 4573–4580.

  • Sato S, Fujita N, Tsuruo T . (2000). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 10832–10837.

  • Sato S, Sanjo H, Takeda K, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Yamamoto M, Kawai T et al. (2005). Nat Immunol 6: 1087–1095.

  • Scheidereit C . (2006). Oncogene 25: 6685–6705.

  • Schiemann B, Gommerman JL, Vora K, Cachero TG, Shulga-Morskaya S, Dobles M et al. (2001). Science 293: 2111–2114.

  • Schmidt-Supprian M, Tian J, Ji H, Terhorst C, Bhan AK, Grant EP et al. (2004). J Immunol 173: 1612–1619.

  • Schwarz EM, Krimpenfort P, Berns A, Verma IM . (1997). Genes Dev 11: 187–197.

  • Senftleben U, Cao Y, Xiao G, Greten FR, Krahn G, Bonizzi G et al. (2001a). Science 293: 1495–1499.

  • Senftleben U, Li ZW, Baud V, Karin M . (2001b). Immunity 14: 217–230.

  • Sentman CL, Shutter JR, Hockenbery D, Kanagawa O, Korsmeyer SJ . (1991). Cell 67: 879–888.

  • Serhan CN, Savill J . (2005). Nat Immunol 6: 1191–1197.

  • Seth RB, Sun L, Ea CK, Chen ZJ . (2005). Cell 122: 669–682.

  • Sha WC, Liou H-C, Tuomanen EI, Baltimore D . (1995). Cell 80: 321–330.

  • Sharma S, tenOever BR, Grandvaux N, Zhou GP, Lin R, Hiscott J . (2003). Science 300: 1148–1151.

  • Shim JH, Xiao C, Paschal AE, Bailey ST, Rao P, Hayden MS et al. (2005). Genes Dev 19: 2668–2681.

  • Shinkura R, Kitada K, Matsuda F, Tashiro K, Ikuta K, Suzuki M et al. (1999). Nat Genet 22: 74–77.

  • Shoham S, Huang C, Chen JM, Golenbock DT, Levitz SM . (2001). J Immunol 166: 4620–4626.

  • Siebenlist U, Brown K, Claudio E . (2005). Nat Rev Immunol 5: 435–445.

  • Smith KD, Andersen-Nissen E, Hayashi F, Strobe K, Bergman MA, Barrett SL et al. (2003). Nat Immunol 4: 1247–1253.

  • Snapper CM, Rosas FR, Zelazowski P, Moorman MA, Kehry MR, Bravo R et al. (1996a). J Exp Med 184: 1537–1541.

  • Snapper CM, Zelazowski P, Rosas FR, Kehry MR, Tian M, Baltimore D et al. (1996b). J Immunol 156: 183–191.

  • Sommer K, Guo B, Pomerantz JL, Bandaranayake AD, Moreno-Garcia ME, Ovechkina YL et al. (2005). Immunity 23: 561–574.

  • Stetson DB, Medzhitov R . (2006). Immunity 24: 93–103.

  • Su TT, Guo B, Kawakami Y, Sommer K, Chae K, Humphries LA et al. (2002). Nat Immunol 3: 780–786.

  • Sun L, Deng L, Ea CK, Xia ZP, Chen ZJ . (2004). Mol Cell 14: 289–301.

  • Sun Z, Arendt CW, Ellmeier W, Schaeffer EM, Sunshine MJ, Gandhi L et al. (2000). Nature 404: 402–407.

  • Tada K, Okazaki T, Sakon S, Kobarai T, Kurosawa K, Yamaoka S et al. (2001). J Biol Chem 276: 36530–36534.

  • Takaesu G, Surabhi RM, Park KJ, Ninomiya-Tsuji J, Matsumoto K, Gaynor RB . (2003). J Mol Biol 326: 105–115.

  • Takeshita F, Leifer CA, Gursel I, Ishii KJ, Takeshita S, Gursel M et al. (2001). J Immunol 167: 3555–3558.

  • Takeuchi O, Hoshino K, Akira S . (2000). J Immunol 165: 5392–5396.

  • Takeuchi O, Kawai T, Muhlradt PF, Morr M, Radolf JD, Zychlinsky A et al. (2001). Int Immunol 13: 933–940.

  • Takeuchi O, Sato S, Horiuchi T, Hoshino K, Takeda K, Dong Z et al. (2002). J Immunol 169: 10–14.

  • Tanabe T, Chamaillard M, Ogura Y, Zhu L, Qiu S, Masumoto J et al. (2004). EMBO J 23: 1587–1597.

  • Tato CM, Mason N, Artis D, Shapira S, Caamano JC, Bream JH et al. (2006). Int Immunol 18: 505–513.

  • Thomassen E, Renshaw BR, Sims JE . (1999). Cytokine 11: 389–399.

  • Thome M . (2004). Nat Rev Immunol 4: 348–359.

  • Ting AT, Pimentel-Muinos FX, Seed B . (1996). EMBO J 15: 6189–6196.

  • Vincenti MP, Brinckerhoff CE . (2002). Arthritis Res 4: 157–164.

  • Vincenti MP, Coon CI, Brinckerhoff CE . (1998). Arthritis Rheum 41: 1987–1994.

  • Voll RE, Jimi E, Phillips RJ, Barber DF, Rincon M, Hayday AC et al. (2000). Immunity 13: 677–689.

  • Wald D, Qin J, Zhao Z, Qian Y, Naramura M, Tian L et al. (2003). Nat Immunol 4: 920–927.

  • Wan YY, DeGregori J . (2003). Immunity 18: 331–342.

  • Ward C, Chilvers ER, Lawson MF, Pryde JG, Fujihara S, Farrow SN et al. (1999). J Biol Chem 274: 4309–4318.

  • Weih DS, Yilmaz ZB, Weih F . (2001). J Immunol 167: 1909–1919.

  • Weih F, Carrasco D, Durham SK, Barton DS, Rizzo CA, Ryseck R-P et al. (1995). Cell 80: 331–340.

  • Weil R, Schwamborn K, Alcover A, Bessia C, Di Bartolo V, Israël A . (2003). Immunity 18: 13–26.

  • Werner SL, Barken D, Hoffmann A . (2005). Science 309: 1857–1861.

  • Wessells J, Baer M, Young HA, Claudio E, Brown K, Siebenlist U et al. (2004). J Biol Chem 279: 49995–50003.

  • Wetzler LM . (2003). Vaccine 21 (Suppl 2): S55–S60.

  • Wolfs TG, Buurman WA, van Schadewijk A, de Vries B, Daemen MA, Hiemstra PS et al. (2002). J Immunol 168: 1286–1293.

  • Wu L, D'Amico A, Winkel KD, Suter M, Lo D, Shortman K . (1998). Immunity 9: 839–847.

  • Wu M, Lee H, Bellas RE, Schauer SL, Arsura M, Katz D et al. (1996). EMBO J 15: 4682–4690.

  • Wyllie DH, Kiss-Toth E, Visintin A, Smith SC, Boussouf S, Segal DM et al. (2000). J Immunol 165: 7125–7132.

  • Xia Y, Makris C, Su B, Li E, Yang J, Nemerow GR et al. (2000). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 5243–5248.

  • Xiao C, Shim JH, Kluppel M, Zhang SS, Dong C, Flavell RA et al. (2003). Genes Dev 17: 2933–2949.

  • Xiao G, Harhaj EW, Sun S-C . (2001). Mol Cell 7: 401–409.

  • Xu LG, Wang YY, Han KJ, Li LY, Zhai Z, Shu HB . (2005). Mol Cell 19: 727–740.

  • Yamamoto M, Sato S, Hemmi H, Sanjo H, Uematsu S, Kaisho T et al. (2002). Nature 420: 324–329.

  • Yamamoto M, Sato S, Hemmi H, Uematsu S, Hoshino K, Kaisho T et al. (2003). Nat Immunol 4: 1144–1150.

  • Yarovinsky F, Zhang D, Andersen JF, Bannenberg GL, Serhan CN, Hayden MS et al. (2005). Science 308: 1626–1629.

  • Yeh WC, Shahinian A, Speiser D, Kraunus J, Billia F, Wakeham A et al. (1997). Immunity 7: 715–725.

  • Yilmaz ZB, Weih DS, Sivakumar V, Weih F . (2003). EMBO J 22: 121–130.

  • Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Matsumoto K, Imaizumi T, Miyagishi M, Taira K et al. (2005). J Immunol 175: 2851–2858.

  • Yoneyama M, Kikuchi M, Natsukawa T, Shinobu N, Imaizumi T, Miyagishi M et al. (2004). Nat Immunol 5: 730–737.

  • Yujiri T, Ware M, Widmann C, Oyer R, Russell D, Chan E et al. (2000). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97: 7272–7277.

  • Zelazowski P, Carrasco D, Rosas FR, Moorman MA, Bravo R, Snapper CM . (1997). J Immunol 159: 3133–3139.

  • Zhang D, Zhang G, Hayden MS, Greenblatt MB, Bussey C, Flavell RA et al. (2004). Science 303: 1522–1526.

  • Zhang G, Ghosh S . (2002). J Biol Chem 277: 7059–7065.

  • Zhang SQ, Kovalenko A, Cantarella G, Wallach D . (2000). Immunity 12: 301–311.

  • Zhou H, Wertz I, O'Rourke K, Ultsch M, Seshagiri S, Eby M et al. (2004). Nature 427: 167–171.

Download references

Acknowledgements

Research in the authors' laboratory was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (to SG). MSH was supported by NIH/National Institute of General Medical Sciences Medical Scientist Training Grant GM07205.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S Ghosh.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hayden, M., West, A. & Ghosh, S. NF-κB and the immune response. Oncogene 25, 6758–6780 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209943

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1209943

Keywords

This article is cited by

Search

Quick links