Central but not peripheral opiate receptor blockade prolonged pituitary-adrenal responses to stress
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2011, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Endorphins and related peptides are found throughout the CNS and have profound effects on neuroendocrine function. Evidences from pharmacological studies suggest that the opiate system may have both inhibitory and stimulatory functions on the HPA axis (Odio and Brodish, 1990). In humans, heretofore, only the inhibitory action of endogenous opioids or orally administered opiates has been demonstrated (Allolio et al., 1987; Grossman et al., 1986; Taylor et al., 1986; Zhang et al., 2008).
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2008, PsychoneuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :It cannot be excluded that a larger dose of quaternary naltrexone could have produced full blockade of fentanyl in this setting (such a dose could not be studied, due to supply limitations). However, it is possible that in addition to hypothalamic sites functionally outside the blood–brain barrier, μ-agonists may also cause prolactin release in primates by acting at sites inside the blood–brain barrier (consistent with some findings in rodents) (Armstrong and Hatton, 1980; Panerai et al., 1981; Odio and Brodish, 1990; Merchenthaler, 1991). The observed full blockade of fentanyl's effect by nalmefene (which would be postulated to occupy μ-receptors both inside and outside the blood–brain barrier) is consistent with the latter interpretation (France and Gerak, 1994; Butelman et al., 2002).
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