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Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Innate Immunity pp 1–20Cite as

Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Their Ligands

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 183))

The innate immune system is an evolutionally conserved host defense mechanism against pathogens. Innate immune responses are initiated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize microbial components that are essential for the survival of the microorganism. PRRs are germline-encoded, nonclonal, and expressed constitutively in the host. Different PRRs react with specific ligands and lead to distinct antipathogen responses. Among them, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are capable of sensing organisms ranging from bacteria to fungi, protozoa, and viruses, and they play a major role in innate immunity. Here, we review the mechanism of pathogen recognition by TLRs.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita Osaka, 565-0851, Japan

    Shizuo Akira

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  1. Satoshi Uematsu
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  2. Shizuo Akira
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  1. Institut für Immunologie BMFZ, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, D-35043, Marburg, Germany

    Stefan Bauer

  2. Abteilung für Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, D-53105, Bonn, Germany

    Gunther Hartmann

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Uematsu, S., Akira, S. (2008). Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Their Ligands. In: Bauer, S., Hartmann, G. (eds) Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Innate Immunity. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 183. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72167-3_1

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