Table 2.

Decade of index date as a risk factor to predict HF using different definitions of HF.

Event TypeDecadePatients, nEvents, nModel 1a,
HR (95% CI)
Model 2b,
HR (95% CI)
Model 3c,
HR (95% CI)
Framingham criteria for HF
1980-198919363RefRefRef
1990-1999291680.90 (0.62-1.31)0.91 (0.62-1.35)0.85 (0.55-1.31)
2000-2009396410.81 (0.52-1.27)0.73 (0.46-1.18)0.68 (0.39-1.17)
Framingham HF with preserved LVEF
1980-198919325RefRefRef
1990-1999291331.23 (0.69-2.19)1.14 (0.62-2.08)1.17 (0.60-2.30)
2000-2009396241.32 (0.68-2.54)1.01 (0.50-2.04)0.99 (0.44-2.26)
Framingham HF with reduced LVEF
1980-198919325RefRefRef
1990-1999291190.64 (0.34-1.22)0.67 (0.34-1.32)0.48 (0.23-1.03)
2000-2009396110.67 (0.30-1.49)0.70 (0.30-1.64)0.47 (0.17-1.27)
Physician diagnosis of HF
1980-198919367RefRefRef
1990-1999289800.98 (0.69-1.39)1.00 (0.70-1.44)0.96 (0.64-1.44)
2000-2009394460.85 (0.56-1.29)0.76 (0.48-1.19)0.72 (0.43-1.20)
Physician diagnosis of HF, inpatient only
1980-198919649RefRefRef
1990-1999293490.79 (0.51-1.20)0.76 (0.49-1.18)0.63 (0.39-1.04)
2000-2009401300.74 (0.45-1.23)0.64 (0.38-1.10)0.52 (0.28-0.98)
ICD-9/10 (1 code) for HF
1980-198919075RefRefRef
1990-1999283750.81 (0.58-1.15)0.83 (0.58-1.19)0.72 (0.49-1.08)
2000-2009386540.96 (0.65-1.42)0.88 (0.58-1.34)0.78 (0.48-1.28)
ICD-9/10 (2 codes) for HF
1980-198919561RefRefRef
1990-1999292590.80 (0.55-1.18)0.85 (0.57-1.27)0.82 (0.53-1.28)
2000-2009398481.04 (0.68-1.61)0.95 (0.60-1.52)0.96 (0.55-1.65)
  • a Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex.

  • b Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

  • c Model 3 was adjusted for age, sex, smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, use of methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, biologics, and glucocorticoids. HF: heart failure; HR: hazard ratio; ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, ICD-9: ICD, 9th revision; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction.