Table 3.

Selected reported effects of GCs on inflammation in non-RA studies.

First Author (Year)Effect
Cechin (2014)31Favorable effect of glucocorticoids on CD40 ligand and TNF-α induced NF-Embedded ImageB–induced activation in sensor cells
Dos Santos Dantas (2020)32Inhibition of TREM-1 signaling (critical review)
Flammer (2010)33Inhibition of IFN-stimulated gene expression in macrophages
Moynagh (2003)34TLRs are key targets for the antinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of GCs (commentary)
Barnes (2006)35GCs reduce IL-8 gene transcription
Achuthan (2018)36GCs promote apoptosis of proinflammatory monocytes by inhibiting ERK activity
Cari (2019)37GCs expand T regulatory cells in autoimmune diseases (review)

  • GC: glucocorticoid; IFN: interferon; NF-Embedded ImageB; nuclear factor kappa B; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TNF: tumor necrosis factor.