Characteristics of patients with vasculitis following COVID-19 infection or immunization.
| No. | Age Range, yrs | Prior Rheumatic Disease | COVID-19 | Vaccine | Intervala | Presentation | Investigation | Vessel Size | Diagnosis | Therapy | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 60s | No | Yesb | No | 2 weeks | Skin purpura, arthritis | Histology | Small | IgAV | GC | Recovery |
| 2 | 80s | No | Yesc | No | 6 weeks | Constitutional symptoms | Lung HRCT, anti-MPO+ | Probably small | AAV | GC, CYC | Deceased |
| 3 | 50s | SLE | Yesc | No | 3 weeks | Systemic inflammatory response | CTA, PET/CT | Larged | LVV | GC, CYC | Recovery |
| 4 | 60s | No | Yesc | No | 3 weeks | Systemic inflammatory response | CTA, PET/CT | Largee | LVV | GC | Recovery |
| 5 | 80s | No | Yesc | No | Concurrent | Limb gangrene, skin necroses | Histology | Medium and small | Necrotizing vasculitis | GC | Deceased |
| 6 | 60s | No | Yesc | No | 8 weeks | Paniculitis and skin necroses | Histology | Small | Necrotizing vasculitis | GC | Recovery |
| 7 | 40s | No | Yesc | No | 2 weeks | Skin purpura | Histology | Small | Skin vasculitis | Local GC | Recovery |
| 8 | 80s | No | No | Pfizer-BioNTech | 7 days | Myalgia | Histology | Small | Myositis, arteritis | GC | Recovery |
| 9 | 40s | No | No | AstraZeneca | 8 days | Skin purpura, arthritis | Histology | Small | IC vasculitis | NSAID | Recovery |
| 10 | 70s | No | No | Pfizer-BioNTech | 10 days | Constitutional symptoms | US | Large | GCA | GC | Recovery |
| 11 | 60s | No | No | AstraZeneca | 9 days | Skin purpura | Histology | Small | IC vasculitis | GC | Recovery |
| 12 | 60s | No | No | Pfizer-BioNTech | 16 days | Painful left TA | US | Large | Left TA vasculitis | GC | Recovery |
| 13 | 20s | No | No | Moderna | 8 days | Skin purpura | Histology | Small | IC vasculitis | Local GC | Recovery |
| 14 | 70s | No | No | Pfizer-BioNTech | 20 days | Headache, yaw claudication | US | Large | GCA | GC | Recovery |
| 15 | 50s | No | Yesc | Pfizer-BioNTech | 2 weeksf | Carotidinia (left side) | US, CTA | Largeg | Carotid artery arteritis | GC | Recovery |
↵a From infection/vaccination to vasculitis.
↵b Serological test.
↵c PCR test.
↵d Aorta, carotid, subclavian, axillary, brachial, mesenteric, iliac arteries.
↵e Aorta, axillary, brachial iliac arteries.
↵f From infection to vasculitis.
↵g Segmental left carotid artery. anti-MPO: antimyeloperoxidase; AAV: antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody-associated vasculitis; COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019; CTA: computed tomography arteriography; CYC: cyclophosphamide; GC: glucocorticoid; GCA: giant cell arteritis; HRCT: high resolution computer tomography; IC: immune complex; IgAV: IgA vasculitis; LVV: large vessel vasculitis; NSAID: nonsteroidal antirheumatic drug; PET/CT: positron emission tomography/computed tomography; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; TA: temporal artery; US: ultrasound.