Table 2.

Multivariable logistic regression models by disease.

Risk Factor	PsA OR (95% CI)	PsO OR (95% CI)	RA OR (95% CI)	AS OR (95% CI)
Current smoker	1.01 (0.93–1.09)	1.45 (1.42–1.48)^{^**}	1.43 (1.37–1.49)^{^**}	1.31 (1.16–1.48)^{^**}
Former smoker	1.53 (1.43–1.63)^{^**}	1.60 (1.58–1.63)^{^**}	1.56 (1.51–1.61)^{^**}	1.18 (1.06–1.33)^{^*}
Current drinker	1.24 (1.08–1.42)^{^*}	1.27 (1.23–1.32)^{^**}	0.89 (0.84–0.95)^{^*}	1.14 (0.94–1.38)
Former drinker	1.67 (1.45–1.93)^{^**}	1.45 (1.39–1.50)^{^**}	1.36 (1.27–1.45)^{^**}	1.51 (1.21–1.88)^{^*}
Overweight (BMI 25–30)	1.23 (1.14–1.32)^{^**}	1.14 (1.12–1.17)^{^**}	1.01 (0.97–1.04)
Obese (BMI > 30)	1.64 (1.52–1.76)^{^**}	1.27 (1.25–1.30)^{^**}	1.07 (1.03–1.11)^{^*}
Hyperlipidemia		1.07 (1.04–1.10)^{^**}
Hypertension		1.09 (1.07–1.12)^{^**}
Diabetes	0.89 (0.80–0.98)	0.85 (0.82–0.87)^{^**}	0.86 (0.82–0.90)^{^**}	0.77 (0.64–0.94)^{^*}
MI		1.43 (1.33–1.53)^{^**}	1.20 (1.07–1.35)^{^*}
CAD			1.28 (1.12–1.47)^{^*}
Statin use	0.53 (0.48–0.57)^{^**}	0.60 (0.59–0.62)^{^**}	0.46 (0.44–0.47)^{^**}	0.59 (0.50–0.69)^{^**}
Anemia	1.15 (1.01–1.31)	0.77 (0.74–0.81)^{^**}	1.26 (1.20–1.34)^{^**}	1.57 (1.25–1.98)^{^**}
Acne		0.84 (0.81–0.87)^{^**}
Anxiety		0.90 (0.87–0.92)^{^**}	0.83 (0.78–0.87)^{^**}
Depression		0.94 (0.92–0.96)^{^**}
Cancer	0.65 (0.60–0.71)^{^**}	0.75 (0.73–0.77)^{^**}		0.74 (0.64–0.86)^{^**}
Gout	2.19 (1.92–2.50)^{^**}	1 1.06 (1.01–1.12)^{^*}	1.67 (1.55–1.79)^{^**}
Thyroid disease	1.19 (1.04–1.36)^{^*}	1.18 (1.13–1.22)^{^**}	1.39 (1.31–1.47)^{^**}
Osteoporosis		1.12 (1.05–1.20)^{^*}	1.43 (1.32–1.55)^{^**}	2.93 (2.00–4.29)^{^**}
Uveitis	3.79 (2.77–5.18)^{^**}			37.97 (27.42–52.58)^{^**}
General eye complaints^{^a}	0.62 (0.56–0.68)^{^**}	0.69 (0.67–0.71)^{^**}	0.68 (0.65–0.71)^{^**}
IBD			1.56 (1.37–1.78)^{^**}	5.46 (4.12–7.23)^{^**}
Diarrhea		0.93 (0.90–0.95)^{^**}	0.93 (0.89–0.98)^{^*}
Infection
GI				1.32 (1.05–1.66)^{^*}
GU		1.09 (1.05–1.14)^{^**}
Influenza	0.56 (0.52–0.60)^{^**}	0.50 (0.49–0.51)^{^**}	0.55 (0.53–0.57)^{^**}	0.49 (0.43–0.55)^{^**}
Pharyngitis	1.23 (1.12–1.35)^{^**}	1.10 (1.08–1.13)^{^**}	1.15 (1.09–1.22)^{^**}
Skin	1.37 (1.28–1.46)^{^**}	1 1.15 (1.13–1.18)^{^**}	0.96 (0.92–0.99)^{^*}	0.82 (0.71–0.94)^{^*}
Trauma
Hand	1.22 (1.03–1.44)^{^a}		1.37 (1.25–1.50)^{^**}
Joint	1.21 (1.10–1.32)^{^**}	1.03 (1.01–1.06)	1.25 (1.18–1.32)^{^**}
Foot			1.11 (1.02–1.20)^{^*}
Bone		1.29 (1.20–1.39)^{^**}
Skin		1.11 (1.07–1.15)^{^**}
Lower extremity			0.85 (0.77–0.93)^{^*}
Nerve			0.72 (0.63–0.81)^{^**}
Fracture	0.84 (0.75–0.93)^{^*}	0.70 (0.65–0.75)^{^**}	0.72 (0.68–0.76)^{^**}

Empty cells indicate that the factor was not statistically significant and thus was removed from the multivariable model. Risk factors with a prevalence of > 1% in the control population are included. Highlighted in yellow are risk factors with an effect size > 1.25 and a significant association with P < 0.01. Highlighted in blue are risk factors with an effect size of < 0.8 and a significant association with P < 0.01.
↵a General eye complaints were a broad category that included vision loss, blurry vision, retinal artery occlusion, and referral to ophthalmology.
↵* P value < 0.02.
↵** P value < 0.001.
AS: ankylosing spondylitis; CAD: coronary artery disease; GI: gastrointestinal; GU: genitourinary; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; MI: myocardial infarction; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; PsO: psoriasis; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.