Heart failure characteristics in the HF group based on the Framingham criteria.
| Subjects Who Fulfilled the Criteria, n/N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Major criteria | |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or orthopnea | 26/113 (23) |
| Elevated jugular venous pressure | 78/119 (66) |
| Pulmonary rales | 121/139 (87) |
| Cardiomegaly on chest radiograph | 80/132 (61) |
| Pulmonary edema on chest radiograph | 88/133 (66) |
| Third heart sound | 15/121 (12) |
| Hepatojugular reflux | 14/111 (13) |
| Minor criteria | |
| Ankle edema | 109/136 (80) |
| Nocturnal cough | 18/112 (16) |
| Dyspnea on exertion | 122/139 (88) |
| Hepatomegaly | 3/115 (3) |
| Pleural effusion | 80/132 (61) |
| Tachycardia (heart rate > 120 beats/min) | 7/142 (5) |
Fulfillment of the Framingham criteria for HF required the presence of 2 major or 1 major and 2 minor criteria. HF: heart failure.