Multivariable GLM results for income in patients with RA.
| Mean Ratio, (95% CI)a | Mean Difference, 2015 US$ (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes | 0.85 (0.75–0.96)* | −5816 (−10,218 to -1415)* |
| Asthma | 1.03 (0.83–1.27) | 1027 (−7615 to 9670) |
| COPD | 0.71 (0.59–0.85)** | −11,437 (−16,899 to -5977)** |
| Heart failure | 0.59 (0.36–0.97)* | −15,833 (−27,231 to -4435)* |
| Peptic ulcer | 0.83 (0.49–1.39) | −6799 (−23,629 to 10,029) |
| Sex (male as reference) | ||
| Female | 0.75 (0.67–0.84)** | |
| Marital status (ref: unmarried) | ||
| Married | 1.01 (0.89–1.15) | |
| Insurance coverage (ref: public only) | ||
| Any private | 2.05 (1.70–2.47)** | |
| No insurance | 1.11 (0.87–1.42) | |
| Education (ref: high school not completed) | ||
| High school completed | 1.07 (0.87–1.31) | |
| Bachelor degree | 1.82 (1.43–2.31)** | |
| Postgraduate degree | 1.92 (1.46–2.53)** | |
| Other degree | 1.36 (1.07–1.73)* | |
| Smoking status (ref: nonsmoker) | ||
| Smoker | 0.92 (0.81–1.04) | |
↵a Values are the exponential form of the β coefficients for a covariate, which represents the multiplier factor for the outcome in patients with the comorbid condition or certain level of a categorical variable compared to the reference; the reference for each comorbidity is absence of the condition.
↵b Values are the average marginal effect for a comorbidity compared to absence of the condition, holding all other covariates at the average values.
↵* P < 0.05.
↵** P < 0.001.
COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GLM: generalized linear model; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.