Table 3.

Summary of the hierarchical linear regression models.

Outcome	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6	Model 7
Pain intensity
R²	0.312	0.362	0.405	0.489	0.496	0.514	0.531
ΔR²	–	0.046	0.043	0.085	0.007	0.018	0.017
Pain interference
R²	0.330	0.343	0.374	0.498	0.512	0.520	0.540
ΔR²	–	0.013	0.031	0.124	0.013	0.008	0.020
Pain intensity*
R²	0.245	0.288	0.348	0.463	0.471	0.493	0.510
ΔR²	–	0.042	0.060	0.116	0.008	0.022	0.017
Pain interference^*
R²	0.254	0.264	0.307	0.479	0.500	0.509	0.524
ΔR²	–	0.010	0.043	0.172	0.018	0.012	0.015

Model 1: disease-related factors; Model 2: Model 1 + demographic factors; Model 3: Model 2 + socioeconomic factors; Model 4: Model 3 + physical factors; Model 5: Model 4 + psychological factors; Model 6: Model 5 + behavioral factors; Model 7: Model 6 + social factors.
↵^* These models comprise the sensitivity analyses that include the modified Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (SLAQ), which removes overt mentions of pain including stomach pain, chest pain, headache, joint swelling, joint pain, and muscle pain.