Unadjusted time trends in outcomes of OUD hospitalizations for each of the 5 musculoskeletal disease cohorts.
| Healthcare Utilization and Mortality Outcomes | Gout | RA | FM | OA | LBP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total hospital charges above the median | |||||
| 1998–2000 | 82.3 | 42 | 43 | 46.2 | 46.8 |
| 2015–2016 | 47.8 | 47.3 | 42.3 | 44.2 | 40.5 |
| Nonhome discharge | |||||
| 1998–2000 | 36.7 | 21.8 | 25.7 | 22.2 | 16.9 |
| 2015–2016 | 30 | 22.7 | 23.7 | 24.8 | 21.9 |
| Length of hospital stay > 3 days | |||||
| 1998–2000 | 67 | 32.3 | 30.7 | 37.9 | 30.8 |
| 2015–2016 | 42.5 | 35.8 | 37 | 40.5 | 36.6 |
| In-hospital mortality | |||||
| 1998–2000 | 9.3 | NAa | 0.8 | 0.7 | 2.7 |
| 2015–2016 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
Values are expressed in %.
↵a NA since there were no deaths in the RA cohort in 1998–2000. FM: fibromyalgia; LBP: low back pain; NA: not applicable; OA: osteoarthritis; OUD: opioid use disorder; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.