Rates of OUD hospitalizations per 100,000 NIS claims, and absolute number of OUD hospitalizations in the first period, 1998–2000 and the last period, 2015–2016, by select patient characteristics in the 5 common musculoskeletal disease cohorts.
| Gout | RA | FM | OA | LBP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratesa of OUD hospitalizations per 100,000 NIS claims | |||||
| Age, yrs | |||||
| < 34 | 0.06 | 0.37 | 1.20 | 0.42 | 2.21 |
| 34–45 | 0.80 | 2.09 | 7.45 | 3.97 | 10.20 |
| >45–55 | 1.73 | 3.78 | 10.17 | 10.18 | 12.92 |
| > 55 | 0.12 | 0.18 | 0.31 | 0.62 | 0.40 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 1.34 | 0.79 | 0.82 | 3.56 | 5.81 |
| Female | 0.52 | 2.17 | 5.81 | 5.23 | 4.54 |
| Race | |||||
| White | 1.05 | 2.13 | 5.25 | 6.12 | 6.71 |
| Black | 1.24 | 1.08 | 1.59 | 3.70 | 2.56 |
| Hispanic | 0.27 | 0.89 | 1.54 | 1.74 | 2.33 |
| Other/missing | 0.48 | 0.90 | 2.20 | 2.43 | 3.65 |
| Income category | |||||
| First quartile | 1.06 | 1.81 | 4.11 | 5.32 | 5.66 |
| Second quartile | 0.78 | 1.48 | 3.65 | 4.28 | 4.95 |
| Third quartile | 0.59 | 1.28 | 3.42 | 3.52 | 4.91 |
| Fourth quartile | 0.59 | 1.12 | 2.38 | 2.51 | 3.57 |
| No.b OUD Hospitalizations in 1998–2000 (First Study Period) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | |||||
| < 34 | Not est | Not est | 80 (14.5%) | Not est | 149 (12.3%) |
| 34–45 | Not est | 92 | 247 (44.8%) | 135 | 444 (36.7%) |
| >45–55 | Not est | 82 | 148 (26.8%) | 133 | 353 (29.2%) |
| > 55 | Not est | 125 | 77 (14.0%) | 425 | 264 (21.8%) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 33 (100%) | 64 (20.9%) | 68 (12.6%) | 241 (34.4%) | 634 (52.6%) |
| Female | Not est | 244 (79.1%) | 473 (87.4%) | 461 (65.6%) | 572 (47.4%) |
| Race | |||||
| White | Not est | 218 | 371 | 503 | 887 (73.3%) |
| Black | Not est | Not est | 38 | 62 | 57 (4.7%) |
| Hispanic | Not est | Not est | Not est | Not est | 49 (4.0%) |
| Other/missing | Not est | 68 | 128 | 108 | 217 (17.9%) |
| Income category | |||||
| First quartile | Not est | Not est | Not est | Not est | 92 (7.8%) |
| Second quartile | Not est | 112 | 168 | 245 | 404 (34.5%) |
| Third quartile | Not est | 70 | 152 | 249 | 319 (27.2%) |
| Fourth quartile | Not est | 110 | 203 | 176 | 358 (30.5%) |
| No.b OUD Hospitalizations in 2015–2016 (Last Study Period) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | |||||
| < 34 | Not est | 130 (5.8%) | 510 (10.2%) | 270 (3.7%) | 725 (13.3%) |
| 34–45 | 90 | 325 (14.4%) | 915 (18.4%) | 715 (9.8%) | 840 (15.4%) |
| >45–55 | 275 | 565 (25.0%) | 1250 (25.1%) | 1545 (21.2%) | 1225 (22.5%) |
| > 55 | 945 | 1240 (54.9%) | 2310 (46.3%) | 4770 (65.3%) | 2665 (48.9%) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 895 (66.8%) | 450 (19.9%) | 495 (9.9%) | 2485 (34.0%) | 2540 (46.6%) |
| Female | 445 (33.2%) | 1810 (80.1%) | 4490 (90.1%) | 4815 (66.0%) | 2915 (53.4%) |
| Race | |||||
| White | 930 | 1,760 (77.9%) | 4100 (82.2%) | 5680 (77.8%) | 4180 (76.6%) |
| Black | 240 | 220 (9.7%) | 275 (5.5%) | 960 (13.2%) | 480 (8.8%) |
| Hispanic | Not est | 125 (5.5%) | 255 (5.1%) | 260 (3.6%) | 300 (5.5%) |
| Other/missing | 135 | 155 (6.9%) | 355 (7.1%) | 400 (5.5%) | 495 (9.1%) |
| Income category | |||||
| First quartile | 490 (37.3%) | 790 (35.4%) | 1705 (34.6%) | 2645 (36.8%) | 1805 (33.9%) |
| Second quartile | 330 (25.1%) | 625 (28.0%) | 1290 (26.2%) | 1890 (26.3%) | 1260 (23.7%) |
| Third quartile | 245 (18.6%) | 470 (21.1%) | 1230 (25.0%) | 1595 (22.2%) | 1300 (24.4%) |
| Fourth quartile | 250 (19.0%) | 345 (15.5%) | 700 (14.2%) | 1060 (14.7%) | 955 (18.0%) |
↵a Rate/100,000 claims: The numerator is frequency from Table 1 and denominator is the total NIS claims for each row category.
↵b Only the number is provided without percent, since at least 1 variable category is not estimable, and an accurate percent cannot be calculated. FM: fibromyalgia; LBP: low back pain; NIS: National Inpatient Sample; Not est: not estimable since there were too few cases to create a reliable estimate; OA: osteoarthritis; OUD: opioid use disorder; RA: rheumatoid arthritis.