Overall Cohort, n = 5085 | Survey Responders, n = 2239 | Survey Nonresponders, n = 2846 | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs, mean (SD) | 53.5 (15.9) | 59.2 (16.0) | |
Sex, female | 3450 (67.9) | 1567 (70.0) | 1883 (66.2) |
Race | |||
Chinese | 3596 (70.7) | 1524 (68.1) | 2072 (72.8) |
Malay | 483 (9.5) | 249 (11.1) | 234 (8.2) |
Indian | 493 (9.7) | 233 (10.4) | 260 (9.1) |
Other | 512 (10.1) | 233 (10.4) | 279 (9.8) |
Diagnosis† | |||
CTD | 946 (23.5) | 477 (26.7) | 469 (21.0) |
IA | 1599 (39.8) | 721 (40.3) | 878 (39.3) |
Crystal | 483 (12.0) | 165 (9.2) | 318 (14.2) |
Noninflammatory | 993 (24.7) | 426 (23.8) | 567 (25.4) |
Comorbidities∗ | |||
CVD | 397 (8.2) | 138 (6.4) | 259 (9.6) |
Hypertension | 306 (6.3) | 132 (6.1) | 174 (6.4) |
Diabetes mellitus | 337 (6.9) | 134 (6.2) | 203 (7.5) |
CKD | 161 (3.3) | 60 (2.8) | 101 (3.7) |
Cancer | 218 (4.5) | 80 (3.7) | 138 (5.1) |
Rheumatological medications | |||
None | 1647 (32.4) | 699 (31.2) | 948 (33.1) |
HCQ alone | 464 (9.1) | 214 (9.6) | 250 (8.8) |
IS including csDMARD | 2212 (43.5) | 1032 (46.1) | 1180 (41.4) |
bDMARD or tsDMARD | 189 (3.7) | 95 (4.2) | 94 (3.3) |
Gout medications | 573 (11.3) | 199 (8.9) | 374 (13.1) |
Antihypertensives | |||
None | 3496 (68.7) | 1604 (71.6) | 1892 (66.5) |
ACEI/ARB | 933 (18.4) | 387 (17.3) | 546 (19.2) |
Other antihypertensives | 656 (12.9) | 248 (11.1) | 408 (14.3) |
NSAID or COXIB | 1876 (36.9) | 855 (38.2) | 1021 (35.9) |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified.
↵†CTD: connective tissue disease, includes systemic lupus erythematosus, immune-mediated inflammatory myositis, systemic sclerosis, systemic vasculitis, Sjögren syndrome, mixed CTD, undifferentiated CTD; IA: inflammatory arthritis, includes rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, axial and peripheral spondyloarthropathy, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, adult-onset Still disease, and undifferentiated IA; noninflammatory: includes primary antiphospholipid syndrome, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia, soft tissue rheumatism, and miscellaneous conditions.
↵∗Comorbidities are based on diagnosis codes and are significantly undercoded as seen by proportion taking antihypertensive drugs; diagnosis codes for hypertension, diabetes, CVD, and CKD combined. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; bDMARD: biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COXIB: cycloxygenase-2 inhibitor; csDMARD : conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; CVD : cardiovascular disease; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; IS: immunosuppressant; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; tsDMARD: targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug.