Participant characteristics (n = 1273).
| Characteristics | Overall, n = 1273 | Prior Use of Recommended Non-surgical Treatments, n = 1273 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tried All, n = 760 | Did Not Try All, n = 513 | ||
| Predisposing factors | |||
| Age, yrs, mean (SD) | 66.9 (8.7) | 65.9 (8.4) | 68.5 (9.1)* |
| Male, n (%) | 508 (39.9) | 238 (31.3) | 270 (52.6)* |
| Annual income < $60,000, n (%) | 607/1117 (54.3) | 353 (51.9) | 254 (58.1) |
| < Post-secondary education, n (%) | 555/1259 (44.1) | 297 (39.3) | 258 (51.2)* |
| Not employed full time, n (%) | 856/1261 (67.9) | 500 (66.3) | 356 (70.2) |
| Enabling factors | |||
| Lubben Social Network Scale score/30, mean (SD) | 17.6 (5.5) | 17.8 (5.2) | 17.3 (5.9) |
| Comorbid conditions | |||
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 32.8 (6.3) | 33.0 (6.6) | 32.5 (6.0) |
| BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (overweight or obese), n (%) | 1174 (92.2) | 683 (89.9) | 491 (95.7)* |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 181/1232 (14.7) | 108 (14.6) | 73 (14.8) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 670/1259 (53.2) | 399 (53.1) | 271 (53.4) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 207/1236 (16.8) | 116 (15.6) | 91 (18.4) |
| Gastrointestinal disease, n (%) | 145/1232 (11.8) | 98 (13.3) | 47 (9.5) |
| Kidney disease, n (%) | 31/1230 (2.5) | 21 (2.9) | 10 (2.02) |
| PHQ-8 depression/24, median (IQR) | 5.0 (2–10) | 6.0 (3–11) | 11.0 (9–13)* |
| No. conditions^, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 285/1266 (22.5) | 168 (22.2) | 117 (22.9) |
| 1 | 413/1266 (32.6) | 238 (31.5) | 175 (34.3) |
| 2 | 284/1266 (22.4) | 165 (25.1) | 119 (23.6) |
| ≥ 3 | 284/1266 (22.4) | 185 (17.6) | 99 (14.9) |
| Need factors | |||
| WOMAC pain/20, mean (SD) | 11.6 (3.5) | 11.8 (3.5) | 11.2 (3.5)* |
| KOOS-PS/100, mean (SD) | 53.6 (17.3) | 54.5 (17.0) | 52.2 (17.7) |
| Perceived OA coping efficacy/20, mean (SD) | 13.2 (3.9) | 13.2 (3.8) | 13.3 (3.9) |
| Non-surgical OA treatments used | |||
| Non-pharmacologic treatments, n (%)** | |||
| Exercise | 957/1269 (75.4) | ||
| Physiotherapy | 555/1254 (44.3) | ||
| Weight loss (if BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) | 807/1167 (69.2) | ||
| Recommended non-pharmacologic^, n (%) | 784/1273 (61.6) | ||
| Pharmacologic treatments, n (%) | |||
| Acetaminophen | 941/1252 (75.2) | ||
| NSAID | 953/1256 (76.0) | ||
| Knee injection | 952/1267 (75.1) | ||
| Any pharmacologic$, n (%) | 1233/1272 (96.9) | ||
| Recommended non-surgical knee OA treatment#, n (%) | 760/1273 (59.7) | ||
↵* P < 0.01.
↵^ Does not include other musculoskeletal coexisting conditions or depression.
↵** Exercise or physiotherapy plus weight loss if BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2.
↵$ Acetaminophen or NSAID or knee injection.
↵# Acetaminophen or NSAID or knee injection and exercise or physiotherapy and weight loss if BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. BMI: body mass index; OA: osteoarthritis; WOMAC: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index; KOOS-PS: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical Function Short Form; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; PHQ-8: 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale; IQR: interquartile range.