Association between poverty income ratio (PIR) and low vs high physical functioning (PF) among participants with systemic lupus erythematosus in the Georgians Organized Against Lupus cohort: sensitivity analysis (analysis of complete data, n = 744).
| Model | OR (95% CI) for PF Score* by PIR | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < 1.00 | 1.00–1.99 | 2.00–3.99 | ≥ 4.00 | |
| Health limits moderate activities | ||||
| Unadjusted | 1.26 (0.84, 1.90) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.49 (0.30, 0.78) | 0.36 (0.19, 0.70) |
| Adjusted for age, sex, and race | 1.48 (0.97, 2.26) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.51 (0.32, 0.83) | 0.35 (0.18, 0.68) |
| Multivariable-adjusted** | 1.46 (0.95, 2.25) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.49 (0.29, 0.83) | 0.36 (0.17, 0.75) |
| Multivariable + SA-BILD score | 1.34 (0.87, 2.08) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.48 (0.28, 0.82) | 0.42 (0.20, 0.87) |
| Multivariable + PHQ-9 score | 1.45 (0.92, 2.27) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.54 (0.31, 0.94) | 0.41 (0.20, 0.88) |
| Multivariable + SLAQ score | 1.28 (0.82, 2.02) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.58 (0.34, 1.01) | 0.50 (0.23, 1.07) |
| Health limits climbing several flights of stairs | ||||
| Unadjusted | 1.30 (0.87, 1.92) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.46 (0.30, 0.71) | 0.39 (0.22, 0.70) |
| Adjusted for age, sex, and race | 1.46 (0.98, 2.20) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.48 (0.31, 0.75) | 0.38 (0.21, 0.70) |
| Multivariable-adjusted** | 1.38 (0.91, 2.08) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.57 (0.36, 0.93) | 0.51 (0.27, 0.96) |
| Multivariable + SA-BILD score | 1.25 (0.82, 1.89) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.57 (0.35, 0.92) | 0.59 (0.31, 1.13) |
| Multivariable + PHQ-9 score | 1.35 (0.88, 2.08) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.64 (0.39, 1.06) | 0.59 (0.30, 1.16) |
| Multivariable + SLAQ score | 1.20 (0.78, 1.85) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.67 (0.41, 1.11) | 0.69 (0.35, 1.34) |
PIR is ratio of household income to appropriate poverty threshold for household size, as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau (lower PIR indicates greater poverty).
↵* Dichotomized 2 questions comprising PF subscore from the 12-item Medical Outcomes Study Short Form (SF-12) health survey: limited a lot vs not limited a lot.
↵** Adjusted for age, sex, race (black vs not black), education, marital status (married vs not married), and disease duration. SA-BILD: Self-Administered Brief Index of Lupus Damage; PHQ-9: nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire; SLAQ: Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire (higher scores indicate more of the domain measured with these instruments).