Comparison of clinical characteristics and comorbidities among white and African American patients with ankylosing spondylitis (N = 10,990). Results were adjusted for population size for each race.
| Characteristics | White (%) | African American (%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| HLA-B27–positive, n = 740 | 25.5 | 20 | 0.1119 |
| Males, n = 5530 | 49.8 | 52.2 | 0.1668 |
| Females, n = 5460 | 50.2 | 47.8 | 0.1650 |
| Smokers, n = 7140 | 67.3 | 58.7 | < 0.0001* |
| Elevated ESR, n = 3800 | 47.6 | 61.5 | < 0.0001* |
| Elevated CRP, n = 4280 | 54.4 | 67.7 | < 0.0001* |
| Peripheral arthritis, n = 8030 | 73.9 | 76.1 | 0.1463 |
| Enthesopathy, n = 2780 | 25.5 | 27.2 | 0.1837 |
| Dactylitis, n = 560 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 0.0937 |
| Anterior uveitis, n = 470 | 4 | 7.6 | < 0.0001* |
| Psoriasis, n = 1070 | 10.4 | 6.5 | 0.0002* |
| IBD, n = 1120 | 10.7 | 12 | 0.2260 |
| Restrictive lung disease, n = 370 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 0.7523 |
| Hypertension, n = 2350 | 21.7 | 29.3 | < 0.0001* |
| Diabetes, n = 1940 | 17.3 | 27.2 | < 0.0001* |
| Osteoporosis, n = 1890 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 0.3637 |
| Fibromyalgia, n = 1480 | 14.1 | 12 | 0.0674 |
| Heart disease, n = 2290 | 21.7 | 24 | 0.1077 |
| Depression, n = 3380 | 31.9 | 35.8 | 0.0158* |
| Treatment with NSAID, n = 9560 | 88.6 | 89.1 | 0.6167 |
| Treatment with TNFi, n = 4310 | 40 | 37 | 0.0754 |
↵* Statistical significance. ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; CRP: C-reactive protein; NSAID: nonsteroidal inflammatory drug; TNFi: tumor necrosis factor inhibitors; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease.