Prevalence of orofacial symptoms and dysfunction in the JIA group (n = 265) and the control group (n = 200).
| Variables | JIA Group | Control Group | Measures (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orofacial symptoms | ||||
| No symptoms | 178 (67.2) | 148 (74.0) | ||
| ≥ 1 symptom | 87 (32.8) | 52 (26.0) | OR 1.4 (0.91–2.14) | 0.11 |
| TMJ pain | 65 (24.5) | 14 (7.0) | OR 4.32 (2.30–8.60) | < 0.001* |
| TMJ morning stiffness | 42 (15.8) | 9 (4.5) | OR 4.02 (1.86–9.60) | < 0.001* |
| Orofacial muscle pain | 74 (27.9) | 44 (22.0) | OR 1.07 (0.70–1.66) | 0.74 |
| Limitation on chewing | 35 (13.2) | 9 (4.5) | OR 3.24 (1.48–7.85) | 0.001* |
| Locking of the jaw | 20 (7.5) | 17 (8.5) | OR 0.88 (0.42–1.84) | 0.71 |
| Orofacial pain intensity | ||||
| VAS pain > 0, median (IQR) | 25 (5–85) | 19 (6–60) | Z = 0.63 | 0.53 |
| Orofacial pain frequency | ||||
| Pain frequency > 0, median (IQR) | 1 (1–4)1 | 1 (1–3)1 | Z = 2.61 | < 0.01* |
| Orofacial pain profile | ||||
| Pain index > 02, median (IQR) | 30 (5–260) | 20 (6–120) | Z = 1.53 | 0.13 |
| No. symptoms | ||||
| Per subject, median (IQR) | 2 (1–5) | 1 (1–3) | Z = 2.26 | 0.02* |
| Orofacial dysfunctions | ||||
| No dysfunctions | 129 (48.7) | 112 (56.0) | ||
| ≥ 1 dysfunction | 136 (51.3) | 88 (44.0) | OR 1.34 (0.91–1.97) | 0.12 |
| Reduced MIO3 | 51 (19.2) | 3 (1.5) | OR 15.72 (4.94–79.69) | < 0.001* |
| TMJ pain on palpation | 79 (29.9) | 42 (21.0) | OR 0.62 (0.40–0.95) | 0.03* |
| Orofacial pain on palpation | 67 (25.3) | 50 (25.0) | OR 0.99 (0.64–1.50) | 0.94 |
| Asymmetric mouth opening | 29 (10.9) | 32 (16.0) | OR 0.65 (0.36–1.15) | 0.11 |
| No. dysfunctions | ||||
| Per subject, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | Z = 2.34 | 0.02* |
Values indicate n (%) unless otherwise indicated.
↵* Statistical significance (p ≤ 0.05).
↵1 Pain frequency: 1 indicates not every week; 2 = several times a week; 3 = several times a day; 4 = all the time.
↵2 Pain index: pain frequency × pain intensity.
↵3 MIO < −2 SD below mean of normative values (< 40.9 mm, ref 27). JIA: juvenile idiopathic arthritis; TMJ: temporomandibular joint; VAS: visual analog scale; IQR: interquartile range; MIO: maximal incisal opening.