General characteristics of included studies.
| Author, Country, Year | Study Population (% Women) | Age of Study Population, Yrs, Mean ± SD | Type, Definition, Key Outcome of OA | Prevalence, % OA | Followup Time, Yrs, Mean ± SD | Quality of Study |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort studies | ||||||
| Jonsson, et al28, Iceland, 2019 | 4757 participants (57) | 76 ± 5 | Hand OA Knee OA Hand OA high-quality digital photographs Knee replacement due to OA | Hand OA (43% male, 48% female) Knee OA (prevalence: 5% male, 7% female; incidence: 3% male, 4% female) | 5 | Fair |
| Hoeven, et al26, Netherlands, 2015 | 975 subjects in the serum biomarker study (56) 1669 subjects in the coronary artery calcification study (52) | 73.1 ± 7.5 | Knee OA Radiograph, KL score | 18 (11% male, 23% female) | 4.5 ± 0.5 | High |
| Hussain, et al3, Australia, 2015 | 1838 subjects (52) | Knee replacement 65.0 ± 7.5 No knee replacement 60.3 ± 12.1 | Knee OA Knee replacement due to OA | 4 | 8.7 ± 2.7 | High |
| Wang, et al27, Australia, 2015 | 142 subjects (100) | 52.2 ± 6.7 | Knee structural changes predictive of OA Tibial cartilage volume on MRI | NR | 2.2 ± 0.1 | Fair |
| Wang, et a l 8, Australia, 2015 | 278 subjects (62) | 57.8 ± 5.3 | Knee structural changes predictive of OA Tibial cartilage volume and bone marrow lesions on MRI | NR | 2.3 ± 0.4 | Fair |
| Hoeven, et al6, Netherlands, 2013 | 5650 subjects (58) | 68.2 ± 8.0 | Knee OA Hand OA Hip OA Radiograph, KL score | Knee: 15 (9% male, 20% female) Hand: NR Hip: 6 (5% male, 7% female) | 10 | High |
| Case-control studies | ||||||
| Belen, et al30 Turkey, 2016 | 160 subjects, 80 cases, 80 controls (unknown) | Cases 56.81 ±5.36; controls 57.18±7.6 | Radiograph, KL score | N/A | N/A | Low |
| Boyaci, et al29, Turkey, 2015 | 69 subjects, 39 cases, 30 controls (100) | Cases 51.74 ±5.23; controls 50.93± 5.99 | Knee OA Radiographs, KL score | N/A | N/A | Low |
| Koutroumpas, et al9, Greece, 2013 | 48 subjects, 24 cases, 24 controls (92) | Cases: 62.5 ± 6.6; controls: 60.7 ± 5.8 | Erosive hand OA ACR criteria for hand OA and radiograph IP joint central erosions in the form of “gull-wing” or “saw-teeth” | N/A | N/A | Low |
| Cross-sectional studies | ||||||
| Cemeroglu, et al31, Turkey, 2014 | 61 subjects (100) | 65.5 ± 8.0 | Hand OA Radiograph, KL score | 64 | N/A | Low |
| Davies-Tuck, et al32, Australia, 2012 | 289 subjects (61) | 58.0 ± 5.5 | Knee structural changes predictive of OA MRI of dominant knee, cartilage, and bone marrow lesions | N/A | N/A | Low |
| Jonsson, et al10, Iceland, 2011 | 5170 subjects (58) | 76.0 ± 6.0 | Knee OA Hand OA Hip OA Knee & hip OA: arthroplasty due to OA Hand OA, CT scans and high-quality hand photographs (HOASCORE) | Knee 4 Hand NR Hip 6 | N/A | Low |
| Suri, et al 33, USA, 2010 | 441 subjects (46) | 54.5 ± 11.5 | CT scans | 70 | N/A | Low |
| Jonsson, et al7, Iceland, 2009 | 5342 subjects (58) | 76 ± 6 (range 66–96) | Hand OA CT scans and high-quality hand photographs (HOASCORE) | 68 | N/A | Low |
| Saleh, et al11, USA, 2007 | 256 subjects (48) | Hand OA 67.2 ± 8.9; no hand OA 43.2 ± 14.8 | Hand OA Radiograph, KL | 20 | N/A | Low |
NR: not reported; N/A: not applicable; OA: osteoarthritis; CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; KL: Kellgren-Lawrence arthritis grading scale; ACR: American College of Rheumatology; IP: interphalangeal joint; HOASCORE: photographic hand OA score.