Ungprasert, 201419 | Brekke, 2018 (PS) | Jese, 201818 | Li, 201717 | Ji, 201016 | Kermani, 201015 | Hill, 201014 | Gonzalez-Gay, 200713 | Liozon, 200612 | Myklebust, 200211 | Haga, 199310 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country and time period | NA | Norway, 1972–2012 | Slovenia, 2011–2015 | UK, 1990–2014 | Sweden, 1965–2006 | USA, 1950–2006 | Australia, 1991–2006 | Spain, 1981–2005 | France, 1976–2005 | Norway, 1987–1998 | Norway, 1978–1988 |
Study design | Metaanal. | Retro | Prosp | Retro | Retro | Retro | Retro | Retro | Retro | Prosp | Retro |
Inclusion criteria | NA | GCA defined by clinical diagnosis, ACR1990 criteria, or positive biopsy | ACR 1990 criteria for cranial GCA, imaging criteria for purely extracranial GCA | Diagnostic code GCA in nationwide general practice database | Diagnostic code GCA or PMR in nationwide hospital discharge database | ACR 1990 criteria for GCA | Biopsy-proven GCA | Biopsy-proven GCA | ACR 1990 criteria for GCA | Biopsy-proven GCA, Bird or Hamrin criteria for PMR | Biopsy-proven GCA or study-specific clinical criteria for GCA or PMR |
Controls | NA | Age-, sex-, and geographically matched controls | General population > 50 yrs | Age-, sex-, and geographically (by practice) matched controls without GCA | General population(database subjects without the disease) | Age-, sex-, and geographically matched controls without GCA | General population (age- and sex-specific) | NR | General population (same age group) | Age-, sex-, and geographically matched controls | Age-, sex-, and geographicallymatched controls |
No. cases /controls | Pooled cases: 39,808 | 767 / 1437 | 107 / NR | 9778 / 92,268 | 35,918 / NR | 204 / 407 | 226 / NR | 255 / NR | 271 /NR | 398 / 1592 | 185 / 925 |
Method of cancer identification | NA | Norwegian Cancer Registry | Prosp data +Slovenian cancer registry | Diagnostic code in general practice database | Swedish cancer registry | Review of complete medical records | South Australia cancer registry | Review of medical records | Review of medical records + regional cancer registry | Norwegian Cancer Registry | Norwegian Cancer Registry |
Main conclusion | Increased risk | No difference | Increased risk | No difference | Increased risk | No difference | No difference | No difference | Increased risk | No difference | Increased risk (if TAB-positive) |
ACR:American College of Rheumatology; GCA: giant cell arteritis; NA: not applicable (metaanalysis reporting pooled data from several cohort studies10,11,14,15,16); Metaanal.: metaanalysis; Retro: retrospective; Prosp: prospective; NR: not reported; PMR: polymyalgia rheumatica; PS: present study; TAB: temporal artery biopsy.