Baseline characteristics: clinical examination.
| Clinical Factors (subset n = 101†) | Full Sample | First Followup Visit | 6-month Visit | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonresponder | Responder | Nonresponder | Responder | ||||||
| Frequency (%) | N | Frequency (%) | N | Frequency (%) | N | Frequency (%) | N | Frequency (%) | |
| Previous ligament/meniscus injuries | |||||||||
| No | 75 (74.3) | 23 | 11 (47.8) | 78 | 64 (82.1) | 79 | 58 (73.4) | 22 | 17 (77.3) |
| Yes | 26 (25.7) | 23 | 12 (52.2) | 78 | 14 (18.0) | 79 | 21 (26.6) | 22 | 5 (22.7) |
| Crepitus | |||||||||
| Absent | 6 (5.9) | 23 | 2 (8.7) | 78 | 4 (5.1) | 79 | 5 (6.3) | 22 | 1 (4.6) |
| Audible and/or palpable | 95 (94.1) | 23 | 21 (91.3) | 78 | 74 (94.9) | 79 | 74 (93.7) | 22 | 21 (95.5) |
| Quadriceps muscle wasting | |||||||||
| Absent | 29 (28.7) | 23 | 9 (39.1) | 78 | 20 (25.6) | 79 | 25 (31.7) | 22 | 4 (18.2) |
| Possible | 18 (17.8) | 23 | 1 (4.4) | 78 | 17 (21.8) | 79 | 13 (16.5) | 22 | 5 (22.7) |
| Present | 54 (53.5) | 23 | 13 (56.5) | 78 | 41 (52.6) | 79 | 41 (51.9) | 22 | 13 (59.1) |
| Bony enlargement | |||||||||
| Absent | 54 (53.5) | 23 | 10 (43.5) | 78 | 44 (56.4) | 79 | 40 (50.6) | 22 | 14 (63.6) |
| Unsure | 7 (6.9) | 23 | 12 (52.2) | 78 | 28 (35.9) | 79 | 33 (41.8) | 22 | 7 (31.8) |
| Present | 40 (39.6) | 23 | 1 (4.4) | 78 | 6 (7.7) | 79 | 6 (7.6) | 22 | 1 (4.6) |
| Anserine tenderness | |||||||||
| Absent | 76 (75.3) | 23 | 21 (91.3) | 78 | 55 (70.5) | 79 | 60 (76.0) | 22 | 16 (72.7) |
| Present | 25 (24.8) | 23 | 2 (8.7) | 78 | 23 (29.5) | 79 | 19 (24.1) | 22 | 6 (27.3) |
| Patellofemoral tenderness | |||||||||
| Absent | 59 (58.4) | 23 | 18 (78.3) | 78 | 41 (52.6) | 79 | 46 (58.2) | 22 | 13 (59.1) |
| Present | 42 (41.6) | 23 | 5 (21.7) | 78 | 37 (47.4) | 79 | 33 (41.8) | 22 | 9 (40.9) |
| Tibiofemoral tenderness | |||||||||
| Absent | 44 (43.6) | 23 | 16 (69.6) | 78 | 28 (35.9) | 79 | 37 (46.8) | 22 | 7 (31.8) |
| Medial tibiofemoral joint | 10 (9.9) | 23 | 2 (8.7) | 78 | 8 (10.3) | 79 | 6 (7.6) | 22 | 4 (18.2) |
| Lateral tibiofemoral joint | 31 (30.7) | 23 | 3 (13.0) | 78 | 28 (35.9) | 79 | 25 (31.7) | 22 | 6 (27.3) |
| Medial and lateral tibiofemoral joint | 16 (15.8) | 23 | 2 (8.7) | 78 | 14 (18.0) | 79 | 11 (13.9) | 22 | 5 (22.7) |
| BallottementӾ | |||||||||
| Absent | 77 (76.2) | 23 | 15 (65.2) | 78 | 62 (79.5) | 79 | 57 (72.2) | 22 | 20 (90.9) |
| Present with or without click | 24 (23.8) | 23 | 8 (34.8) | 78 | 16 (20.5) | 79 | 22 (27.9) | 22 | 2 (9.1) |
| Bulge sign¥ | |||||||||
| 0 | 35 (34.7) | 23 | 7 (30.4) | 78 | 28 (35.9) | 79 | 27 (34.2) | 22 | 8 (36.4) |
| Trace | 35 (34.7) | 23 | 7 (30.4) | 78 | 28 (35.9) | 79 | 27 (34.2) | 22 | 8 (36.4) |
| 1 | 16 (15.8) | 23 | 4 (17.4) | 78 | 12 (15.4) | 79 | 14 (17.7) | 22 | 2 (9.1) |
| 2 | 12 (11.9) | 23 | 4 (17.4) | 78 | 8 (10.3) | 79 | 9 (11.4) | 22 | 3 (13.6) |
| 3 | 3 (3.0) | 23 | 1 (4.4) | 78 | 2 (2.6) | 79 | 2 (2.5) | 22 | 1 (4.6) |
Values are frequency (%) unless otherwise specified.
↵† Clinical tests were performed in a subset of 103 patients only; 2 patients did not complete KOOS.
↵Ӿ Ballottement test defined as positive click/tap or downward movement of the patella on pressure and rebounding of patella upon removal of pressure.
↵¥ 0 = no wave produced on down stroke; trace = a small wave on medial side with down stroke; 1 = larger bulge on medial side with down stroke; 2 = spontaneously returned to medial side after upstroke; 3 = so much fluid that it was not possible to move the effusion out of the medial aspect of the knee. KOOS: Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score.