Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

Study ID	Setting	n	Patient Characteristics (Median/Mean)	Treatments of Interest	Patient Experience with Treatments	Funding
Discrete choice experiments
Fraenkel, et al⁵²	Online panel (self-reported RA), USA	1101	Age: 51 yrs; female: 90%; yrs RA: NR	csDMARD, bDMARD, tofacitinib	NR (all taking at least 1 DMARD)	Public
Husni, et al⁵³	Patient registry, USA	510	Age: 56 yrs; female: 65%; yrs RA: 43% > 10 yrs	csDMARD, bDMARD, tofacitinib	45% prior bDMARD	Industry
Alten, et al⁵⁴	Outpatient clinics, Germany	1588	Age: 48% > 60 yrs; female: 74%; yrs RA: 44% > 10 yrs	bDMARD and tofacitinib	NR (all taking at least 1 DMARD)	Industry
Hazlewood, et al^14,55	Outpatient clinics, Canada	152	Age: 53 yrs; female: 63%; yrs RA: 0.7	csDMARD, anti-TNF	97% csDMARD, 5% bDMARD	Public
Louder, et al⁵⁶	Insurance database, USA	380	Age: 55 yrs; female: 82%; yrs RA: 9	bDMARD and tofacitinib	Naive	Industry
Nolla, et al⁵⁷	Outpatient clinics, Spain	165	Age: 56 yrs; female: 74%; yrs RA: 13	bDMARD	100% currently taking bDMARD	Industry
Fraenkel, et al⁴¹	Outpatient clinics, USA	156	Age: 59; female: 85%; yrs RA: 9	bDMARD	48% currently taking bDMARD	Public
Poulos, et al⁵⁸	Online panel (self-reported RA), USA	849	Age: 61% ≥ 55 yrs; female: 74%; yrs RA: NR	bDMARD	NR (34% prior SC, 30% prior IV)	Industry
Augustovski, et al⁴⁰	Outpatient clinics, Argentina	240	Age: 56 yrs; female: 87%; yrs RA: 9	bDMARD	Naive	Industry
Constantinescu, et al^16,42	Outpatient clinics, USA	136	Age: 55 yrs; female: 83%; yrs RA: 8	Methotrexate, bDMARD	Median DMARD: 2	Public
Ozdemir, et al⁵⁹	Online panel (self-reported RA), USA	463	Age: 53 yrs; female: 64%; yrs RA: 8	bDMARD	16% receive SC or IV	Public
Skjoldborg, et al³⁹	Outpatient clinic, Denmark	178	NR	Anti-TNF	Prior treatment not reported	Public
Fraenkel, et al¹⁷	Outpatient clinics, USA	120	Age: 70 yrs; female: 76% yrs RA: 8	csDMARD, etanercept	60% currently using a DMARD	Public
Standard gamble (SG), time tradeoff (TTO), visual analog scale
Chiou, et al¹⁸	Outpatient clinics, USA	484	Age: 59 yrs, female: 79%, yrs RA: 13	No specific Rx^*	Prior treatment not reported	Industry
Suarez-Almazor and Conner-Spady²⁰	Outpatient clinics, Canada	51	Age: 60 yrs; female: 72%; yrs RA: NR	No specific Rx^*	Prior treatment not reported	NR
Ferraz, et al¹⁹	Outpatient clinic, Brazil	25	Age (range): 34–70 yrs; female: 20%; yrs RA: 8	Prednisone	95% ever taken steroids	NR
Willingness to pay
Tuominen, et al²⁵	Patient registry, Finland	166	Age: 64 yrs; female: 69%; yrs RA: NR	No specific Rx^*	Prior treatment not reported	Partial industry
Slothuus, et al^23,24	Outpatient clinic, Denmark	115	Age: 56 yrs; female: 71%; yrs RA: 15	Anti-TNF (infliximab)	Naive	NR
Willingness to accept risk
Fraenkel, et al^26,27	Outpatient clinics, USA	100	Age: 68 yrs; female: 73%; yrs RA: NR	NSAID, prednisone, csDMARD	Current use: 39% NSAID; 68% prednisone; 81% csDMARD	Public
Ho, et al²⁸	Outpatient clinic, UK	67	Age: 57 yrs; female: 73%; yrs RA: 10	No specific Rx^*	Prior treatment not reported	Public
O’Brien, et al²⁹	Outpatient clinic and inpatients, UK	50	Age: 51 yrs; female: 84%; yrs RA: 13	No specific Rx^*	Prior treatment not reported	Public
Rating or ranking of treatment outcomes
Bacalao, et al⁶⁰	Outpatient clinic, USA	119	Age: 57 yrs, female: 91%; yrs RA: 11	No specific Rx^*	Prior treatment not reported	Public and industry
van Tuyl, et al⁶¹	Clinics and online panel in 5 countries	274	Age: 57 yrs; female: 75%; yrs RA: 12	No specific Rx^*	Prior treatment not reported	Public
Buitinga, et al³⁶	Outpatient clinic, Netherlands	74	Age: 58 yrs; female: 62%; yrs RA: 7	No specific Rx^*	Current use: 70% csDMARD; 30% bDMARD	Public
Sanderson, et al³⁵	Mix outpatient clinics and registries, UK	254	Age: 61% > 60 yrs; female: 76%; yrs RA: 76% > 5	No specific Rx^*	Current use: 52% csDMARD; 39% bDMARD	Public
Da Silva, et al³³	Outpatient clinics (self-reported RA), Portugal	667	NR	No specific Rx^*	Prior treatment not reported	Public
Heiberg, et al³⁴	Patient registry, Norway	1024	Age: 63 yrs; female: 79%; yrs RA: 13	No specific Rx^*	Prior treatment not reported	Public
Preference for different routes of delivery
Desplats, et al⁶²	Outpatient clinics, France	201	Age: 58 yrs; female: 81%; yrs RA: 17	bDMARD	100% on IV bDMARD (ABA or TCZ)	Industry
Bolge, et al³⁰	Online panel (self-reported RA), USA	243	Age: 53 yrs; female: 85%; yrs RA: 13	bDMARD	Naive	Industry
Navarro-Millan, et al³¹	Patient registry, USA	242	Age: 54 yrs; female: 73%; yrs RA: 8	Anti-TNF	100% currently taking anti-TNF	Public
Huynh, et al⁶³	Outpatient clinics, Denmark	142	Age: 57 yrs; female: 77%; yrs RA: NR	bDMARD	75% taking bDMARD, 25% bDMARD-naive	Industry
Scarpato, et al³²	Outpatient clinics, Italy	802	Age: 56 yrs; female: 77%; yrs RA: 9	Anti-TNF	Naive	Industry
Preference for different treatment options
Martin, et al⁶⁴	Outpatient clinic, USA	402	Age: 64 yrs; female: 67%; yrs RA: 10.4	Etanercept	Biologic-naive	Public and industry^***
Van Overbeeke, et al³⁸	Broad recruitment including social media, Belgium	121	Age: 57% 40–60 yrs; female: 87%; yrs RA: NR	bDMARD and biosimilars	55% prior DMARD, all naive to biosimilars	Public
Fraenkel, et al³⁷	Patient panel, USA	10	Age: 38 yrs; female: 70%; yrs RA: 11	All DMARD	Current use: 40% csDMARD only; 60% bDMARD	Public
Goekoop-Ruiterman, et al¹⁵	Patients enrolled in BeST RCT⁶⁵	440	Age: 55 yrs; female: 68%; yrs RA: 0.4 (at entry of BeST)	4 arms of BeST^**	All patients exposed to one of 4 trial arms	Industry

↵* These studies valued health states relevant to DMARD treatment decisions, without a specific DMARD of interest.
↵** The 4 arms of the BeST trial were (1) Sequential csDMARD monotherapy; (2) Step-up csDMARD combination therapy; (3) Initial csDMARD combination therapy with prednisone; (4) Initial combination therapy with infliximab.
↵*** In-kind contribution from industry, who provided decision aid booklets at no cost. RA: rheumatoid arthritis; NR: not reported; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; csDMARD: conventional synthetic DMARD; bDMARD: biological DMARD; anti-TNF: antitumor necrosis factor; SC: subcutaneous; IV: intravenous; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug; RCT: randomized controlled trial; ABA: abatacept; TCZ: tocilizumab.