Published randomized placebo-controlled trial of biologics and JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis between 1999 and 2018.
| Year | Author | Drug | PBO, n | Recruitment Site; visits/week | Age, Yrs, Mean (SD) | Female, % | Duration, Yrs, Mean (SD) | TJC68, Mean (SD) | SJC66, Mean (SD) | DAS28, Mean | ACR20, % | ACR50, % | ACR70, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | Weinblatt18 | ETN | 30 | USA, CAN; 4 | 53 | 73 | 13 | 28 | 17 | – | 27 | 3 | 0 |
| 1999 | Maini19 | IFX | 88 | USA, CAN, EU; 4 | 50 (11) | 80 | 10 (7) | 27 (24) | 20 (11) | – | 20 | 5 | 0 |
| 2003 | Weinblatt20 | ADA | 62 | USA, CAN; 2† | 56 (11) | 82 | 11 (8) | 29 (15) | 17 (10) | – | 15 | 8 | 5 |
| 2003 | Kremer21 | ABA | 119 | USA, CAN EU AUS, SA; 4 | 54 (11) | 66 | 9 (8) | 29 (13) | 22 (9) | – | 35 | 12 | 2 |
| 2003 | Furst22 | ADA | 318 | USA, CAN; 4† | 56 (12) | 79 | 12 (10) | 28 (14) | 21 (11) | – | 35 | 11 | 4 |
| 2004 | Keystone23 | ETN | 53 | USA, CAN; 8 | 55 (15) | 72 | 12 (10) | 25 (20) | 19 (18) | – | 19 | 6 | 2 |
| 2004 | Keystone24 | ADA | 200 | USA, CAN; 4† | 56 (12) | 73 | 11 (9) | 28 (14) | 19 (10) | – | 30 | 10 | 3 |
| 2004 | Edwards25 | RTX | 40 | EU, CAN, AUS, ISR; 4† | 54 (11) | 80 | 11 (7) | 32 (13) | 19 (10) | 6.9 | 38 | 13 | 5 |
| 2006 | Kremer26 | ABA | 219 | USA, CAN, EU, MEX; 4† | 50 (12) | 82 | 9 (7) | 32 (14) | 22 (9) | 6.4 | 40 | 17 | 7 |
| 2006 | Maini27 | TCZ | 49 | EU; 2 | 51 | 78 | 0.9 | 16* | 12* | 6.8 | 41 | 29 | 16 |
| 2008 | Smolen28 | TCZ | 204 | Worldwide; 4 | 51 (12) | 78 | 8 (7) | 33 (16) | 21 (12) | 6.8 | 26 | 11 | 2 |
| 2008 | Kay29 | GOL | 35 | USA, CAN, EU, AUS; 4† | 55 (11) | 74 | 6 (2) | 26 (17) | 14 (6) | 6.5 | 37 | 6 | 0 |
| 2008 | Schiff30 | IFX | 165 | Worldwide; 4 | 49 (12) | 87 | 7 (6) | 32 (15) | 20 (8) | 6.8 | 42 | 20 | 9 |
| 2008 | Genovese31 | TCZ | 413 | Worldwide; 4 | 54 (13) | 84 | 10 (9) | 29 (15) | 19 (11) | 6.6 | 25 | 9 | 3 |
| 2008 | Keystone32 | CZP | 199 | Worldwide; 2† | 52 (11) | 84 | 6 (4) | 30 (15) | 21 (10) | 7.0 | 14 | 8 | 3 |
| 2009 | Keystone33 | GOL | 133 | Worldwide; 4 | 51 (12) | 82 | 7 (2) | 20 (8) | 13 (8) | 6.0 | 33 | 10 | 4 |
| 2009 | Smolen34 | CZP | 127 | EU; 2† | 52 (12) | 84 | 6 (4) | 30 (13) | 22 (10) | 6.8 | 9 | 3 | 1 |
| 2010 | Kremer35 | GOL | 129 | Worldwide; 4 | 50 | 80 | 7 | 28 | 16 | – | 25 | 9 | 3 |
| 2010 | Emery36 | RTX | 172 | Worldwide; 4–8 | 52 (12) | 86 | 8 (8) | 30 (16) | 21 (11) | 6.5 | 23 | 9 | 5 |
| 2011 | Kremer37 | TCZ | 393 | Worldwide; 4† | 51 (12) | 83 | 10 (7) | 28 (15) | 17 (9) | 6.5 | 27 | 9 | 1 |
| 2012 | van Vollenhoven38 | TOF | 56 | Worldwide | 56 (14) | 77 | 7 | 27 | 17 | 6.6 | 28 | 16 | 5 |
| 2012 | Kremer39 | TOF | 69 | Worldwide; 4 | 53 (13) | 81 | 9 | 22 | 16 | 6.1 | 33 | 17 | 6 |
| 2012 | Choy40 | CZP | 121 | USA, EU; 4† | 56 (12) | 66 | 10 (8) | 31 (13) | 22 (10) | 6.3 | 23 | 6 | 2 |
| 2012 | Moreland41 | ETN | 255 | USA; 6 | 49 (13) | 69 | 0.2 | 14 (7)* | 13 (6)* | 5.8 | 40 | 22 | 4 |
| 2013 | Weinblatt42 | GOL | 197 | USA, CAN; 4† | 51 (11) | 80 | 7 (7) | 26 (14) | 15 (9) | 5.9◊ | 32 | 13 | 5 |
| 2013 | Kremer43 | TOF | 79 | Worldwide; 4† | 51 (11) | 80 | 11 (8) | 27 (17) | 15 (10) | 6.4 | 31 | 13 | 3 |
| 2013 | van der Heijde44 | TOF | 81 | Worldwide; 4–8 | 53 (12) | 80 | 11 (9) | 23 (13) | 14 (8) | 6.3 | 25 | 8 | 2 |
| 2015 | Keystone45 | BARI | 98 | USA, CAN, MEX, IND; 4† | 49 (12) | 87 | 5 (4) | 22 (12) | 16 (9) | 6.3 | 41 | 9 | 5 |
| 2016 | Genovese46 | UPA | 50 | USA, EU, SA; 2 | 55 (12) | 76 | 6 (5) | 29 (16) | 19 (12) | 5.6◊ | 46 | 18 | 6 |
| 2017 | Dougados47 | BARI | 228 | Worldwide; 4† | 51 (13) | 83 | 7 (8) | 24 (15) | 13 (7) | 6.2 | 39 | 13 | 3 |
| 2017 | Taylor48 | BARI | 488 | Worldwide; 4† | 53 | 78 | 10 (9) | 23 (14) | 16 (9) | 6.4 | 40 | 17 | 5 |
| 2018 | Burmester49 | UPA | 221 | Worldwide; 4† | 56 (12) | 75 | 7 (8) | 25 (15) | 15 (9) | 5.6◊ | 36 | 15 | 6 |
↵† Visits initially at weeks 1 and 2, followed by either 2 or 4 visits weekly as indicated.
↵* 28-joint count.
↵◊ DAS-CRP. Other DAS28 results reflect DAS28 with ESR. JAK: Janus kinase; PBO: placebo; TJC: tender joint count; SJC: swollen joint count; DAS28: 28-joint count Disease Activity Score; ACR: American College of Rheumatology; ETN: etanercept; IFX: infliximab; ADA: adalimumab; GOL: golimumab; CZP: certolizumab pegol; RTX: rituximab; ABA: abatacept; TOF: tofacitinib; BARI: baricitinib; UPA: upadacitinib; CAN: Canada; EU: Europe; AUS: Australia; SA: South Africa; ISR: Israel; MEX: Mexico; IND: India; TCZ: tocilizumab; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate.