Baseline data for patients with Truven Medicaid claims (720.0 cohort).
| Characteristics | Total AS Study Population, n = 917 | With Chronic Opioid Use, n = 524 | Without Chronic Opioid Use, n = 393 | p (chronic opioid use vs not) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | < 0.0001 | |||
| Mean (SD) | 43 (11.6) | 45 (10.9) | 41 (12.2) | |
| 18–24 | 53 (5.8) | 14 (2.7) | 39 (9.9) | |
| 25–34 | 187 (20.4) | 96 (18.3) | 91 (23.2) | |
| 35–44 | 275 (30.0) | 152 (29.0) | 123 (31.3) | |
| 45–54 | 223 (24.3) | 149 (28.4) | 74 (18.8) | |
| ≥ 55 | 179 (19.6) | 113 (21.6) | 66 (16.8) | |
| Sex | 0.0267 | |||
| Female | 489 (53.3) | 296 (56.5) | 193 (49.1) | |
| Male | 428 (46.7) | 228 (43.5) | 200 (50.9) | |
| Rheumatologist as provider on index claim | ||||
| Yes | 132 (14.4) | 60 (11.5) | 72 (18.3) | 0.0034 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Depression | 362 (39.5) | 250 (47.7) | 112 (28.5) | < 0.0001 |
| Anxiety | 315 (34.4) | 217 (41.4) | 98 (24.9) | < 0.0001 |
| RA | 97 (10.6) | 60 (11.5) | 37 (9.4) | 0.3213 |
| PsA | 20 (2.2) | 11 (2.1) | 9 (2.3) | 0.8448 |
| Psoriasis | 26 (2.8) | 12 (2.3) | 14 (3.6) | 0.2507 |
| IBD | 56 (6.1) | 32 (6.1) | 24 (6.1) | 1.0 |
| Opioid dependence or abuse | 60 (6.5) | 41 (7.8) | 19 (4.8) | 0.0700 |
| Imaging or genotyping procedures | ||||
| MRI or radiograph | 474 (51.7) | 294 (56.1) | 180 (45.8) | 0.0020 |
| Radiograph | 416 (45.4) | 256 (48.9) | 160 (40.7) | 0.0142 |
| MRI | 205 (22.4) | 136 (26.0) | 69 (17.6) | 0.0025 |
| HLA-B27 testing | 138 (15.0) | 77 (14.7) | 61 (15.5) | 0.7289 |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise specified. AS: ankylosing spondylitis; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; PsA: psoriatic arthritis; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.