Baseline characteristics of the participants.
| Characteristic | All Participants, n = 252 | Participants*, n = 130 | p** |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 62.2 ± 8.3 | 62.5 ± 8.1 | 0.54 |
| Female, n (%) | 199 (79) | 111 (85.4) | 0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.7 ± 6.1 | 29.0 ± 6.3 | 0.34 |
| Index hip right, n (%) | 143 (56.7) | 72 (55.4) | 0.65 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | 242 (96) | 123 (95) | 0.53 |
| Others | 10 (4) | 7 (5) | |
| Education, n (%) | |||
| Less than high school | 37 (14.7) | 21 (16.2) | 0.61 |
| Completed high school | 58 (23) | 27 (20.7) | |
| Higher than high school | 157 (62.3) | 82 (63.1) | |
| Occupational physical workload level, n (%) | |||
| Sedentary (mostly sitting) | 111 (44) | 52 (40) | 0.12 |
| Standing occupation, physically light | 90 (35.7) | 51 (39.2) | |
| Manual work | 47 (18.7) | 24 (18.5) | |
| Heavy manual work | 4 (1.6) | 3 (2.3) | |
| Baseline pain level (0–10) | |||
| Mildest | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 2.5 ± 2.1 | 0.02 |
| Worst | 7.6 ± 1.9 | 8.0 ± 1.8 | 0.02 |
| Night pain level (0–4) | 1.8 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | 0.03 |
| Hip injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score | |||
| Pain | 55.5 ± 17.3 | 52.0 ± 18.0 | 0.001 |
| Symptoms | 53.0 ± 19.4 | 50.5 ± 20.4 | 0.03 |
| Activities of daily living | 59.4 ± 21.7 | 54.7 ± 21.9 | < 0.001 |
| Sports/recreation | 36.5 ± 27.1 | 32.7 ± 26.6 | 0.02 |
| Quality of life | 41.5 ± 19.6 | 38.1 ± 20.7 | 0.004 |
| International Physical Activity Questionnaire score (range 1–3); median (IQR) | 3 (2) | 3 (2) | 0.53 |