Clinical characteristics of lupus nephritis (LN) patients with or without renal thrombotic microangiopathy.
| Clinical Characteristics | With Renal TMA, n = 24 | Without Renal TMA (controls), n = 48 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics | |||
| Sex, F/M | 22/2 | 44/4 | 1.000 |
| Age, yrs | 27.7 ± 9.1 | 28.8 ± 9.2 | 0.630 |
| Duration of followup, mos | 48.6 ± 31.5 | 49.2 ± 23.8 | 0.941 |
| Class of LN on presentation | |||
| Class III or IV | 19 (79.2) | 38 (79.2) | 1.000 |
| Class III + V or IV + V | 4 (16.6) | 8 (16.6) | 1.000 |
| Class V | 1 (4.2) | 2 (4.2) | 1.000 |
| Induction treatment | |||
| PSL + CYC | 22 (91.7) | 42 (87.5) | 0.640 |
| PSL + MMF | 2 (8.3) | 6 (12.5) | 0.600 |
| Maintenance treatment | |||
| PSL + AZA | 13 (54.2) | 33 (68.8) | 0.225 |
| PSL + MMF | 6 (25.0) | 13 (27.0) | 0.850 |
| PSL + MMF + CNI | 2 (8.3) | 1 (4.2) | 0.211 |
| PSL + CNI | 3 (12.5) | 1 (4.2) | 0.105 |
| Adjunctive treatments | |||
| Antimalarials | 5 (20.8) | 8 (16.7) | 0.660 |
| ACEI/ARB | 21 (87.5) | 34 (70.8) | 0.120 |
| Clinical variables on presentation | |||
| Anti-Ro seropositivity | 11 (45.8) | 9 (18.8) | 0.016 |
| Anti-La seropositivity | 4 (16.7) | 3 (6.3) | 0.160 |
| Anti-cardiolipin IgG/IgM seropositivity | 3 (12.5) | 8 (16.7) | 0.643 |
| LAC seropositivity | 3 (12.5) | 3 (6.3) | 0.366 |
| Serum creatinine, μmol/l | 397.7 ± 192.4 | 94.4 ± 38.7 | < 0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min | 16.8 ± 11.7 | 77.8 ± 28.6 | < 0.001 |
| Patients requiring dialysis on presentation | 9 (37.5) | 1 (2.1) | < 0.001 |
| Proteinuria, g/d | 5.3 ± 3.9 | 4.2 ± 2.9 | 0.292 |
| Anti-dsDNA, IU/ml | 125.4 ± 164.1 | 161.3 ± 125.7 | 0.387 |
| C3 level, mg/dl | 40 ± 20 | 50 ± 20 | 0.018 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 7.6 ± 1.9 | 10.8 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
| Leukocytes, × 109/l | 4.9 ± 2.4 | 6.6 ± 3.9 | 0.030 |
| Lymphocytes, × 109/l | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.1 ± 0.7 | 0.398 |
| Platelets, × 109/l | 68.3 ± 63.2 | 197.6 ± 87.7 | < 0.001 |
| SLEDAI score | 21.4 ± 8.5 | 10.8 ± 2.3 | < 0.001 |
Values are n (%) or mean ± SD unless otherwise specified. TMA: thrombotic microangiopathy; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; AZA: azathioprine; CNI: calcineurin inhibitors; CYC: cyclophosphamide; MMF: mycophenolate mofetil; PSL: prednisolone; LAC: lupus anticoagulant; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; SLEDAI: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index.