Socioeconomic status (block-group) | | | | | |
Median household income, thousands | | | | | |
15–54 | 26.9 | 28.7 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
55–74 | 23.1 | 23.7 | 1.21 | 0.94–1.56 | 0.13 |
75–99 | 24.7 | 25.3 | 1.04 | 0.81–1.33 | 0.75 |
100–250 | 25.3 | 22.3 | 1.04 | 0.81–1.34 | 0.74 |
Percent household income below poverty level | | | | | |
0–3.0 | 24.5 | 25.5 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
3.1–6.5 | 25.9 | 23.5 | 1.03 | 0.80–1.33 | 0.80 |
6.6–12.7 | 24.7 | 25.9 | 0.99 | 0.77–1.28 | 0.96 |
12.8–100 | 24.9 | 25.1 | 1.15 | 0.89–1.48 | 0.30 |
Percent unemployed | | | | | |
0–3.7 | 26.2 | 24.8 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
3.8–5.4 | 25.0 | 25.6 | 0.90 | 0.70–1.15 | 0.40 |
5.5–7.2 | 23.6 | 23.2 | 0.97 | 0.75–1.25 | 0.79 |
7.3–22 | 25.2 | 26.4 | 0.92 | 0.72–1.19 | 0.54 |
Percent high school graduate | | | | | |
0–13 | 26.3 | 25.0 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
14–19 | 21.7 | 23.5 | 1.06 | 0.81–1.38 | 0.68 |
20–28 | 30.1 | 31.8 | 0.90 | 0.71–1.14 | 0.37 |
29–59 | 21.9 | 19.7 | 0.87 | 0.67–1.13 | 0.30 |
Patient-related factors | | | | | |
Age, yrs | | | | | |
≤ 39 | 29.4 | 34.2 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
40–49 | 21.0 | 26.6 | 0.92 | 0.72–1.17 | 0.50 |
50–64 | 32.0 | 25.8 | 1.44 | 1.14–1.82 | 0.00 |
65–89 | 17.6 | 13.4 | 1.53 | 1.16–2.03 | 0.00 |
Sex | | | | | |
Male | 10.5 | 9.0 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Female | 89.5 | 91.0 | 0.84 | 0.62–1.14 | 0.26 |
Race/ethnicity | | | | | |
African American | 15.2 | 16.9 | 0.68 | 0.52–0.89 | < 0.01 |
Asian/Pacific Islander | 19.7 | 21.2 | 0.70 | 0.54–0.90 | < 0.01 |
Hispanic | 14.1 | 19.2 | 0.55 | 0.42–0.72 | < 0.0001 |
White | 41.0 | 30.8 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Other/unknown* | 2.2 | 3.2 | 0.63 | 0.46–0.86 | < 0.001 |
Language | | | | | |
English | 93.0 | 92.3 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Other | 7.0 | 7.7 | 0.91 | 0.64–1.28 | 0.57 |
Condition-related factors in the year before index | | | | | |
Charlson comorbidity index | | | | | |
0 | 83.6 | 84.5 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
1 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 1.34 | 0.96–1.88 | 0.09 |
≥ 2 | 7.2 | 8.6 | 0.85 | 0.61–1.18 | 0.34 |
Rheumatology visits | | | | | |
0–1 | 24.0 | 29.6 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
2 | 26.3 | 25.1 | 1.29 | 1.01–1.65 | 0.04 |
≥ 3 | 49.7 | 45.3 | 1.35 | 1.09–1.68 | 0.01 |
Hospitalization for any cause | | | | | |
No | 81.6 | 82.0 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Yes | 18.4 | 18.0 | 1.03 | 0.81–1.30 | 0.82 |
eGFR,** ml/min/1.73 m2 | | | | | |
30–59 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 0.53 | 0.22–1.32 | 0.17 |
60–89 | 29.1 | 21.1 | 1.52 | 1.23–1.89 | 0.0001 |
≥ 90 | 70.2 | 77.4 | 1.00 | Ref. | |
Therapy-related factors in the year before index | | | | | |
Medications (yes vs no) | | | | | |
Prednisone | 58.0 | 56.9 | 1.05 | 0.87–1.26 | 0.62 |
Mycophenolate mofetil | 15.6 | 18.5 | 0.81 | 0.64–1.03 | 0.09 |
Azathioprine | 11.8 | 11.5 | 1.03 | 0.78–1.36 | 0.83 |
ACE inhibitor | 20.1 | 18.3 | 1.12 | 0.89–1.41 | 0.32 |