Univariate associations between demographic data, disease markers, disease activity measures, damage, health status, treatment, comorbidity, and SQOL (measured by SQOL questionnaire) total score and subscores examined in 360 patients with axial spondyloarthritis.
| Variables | SQOL-F Sum, range 18–108, B (95% CI) | p | Psychosexual, range 7–42, B (95% CI) | p | Sexual and Relationship Satisfaction, range 5–30, B (95% CI) | p | Self–worthlessness, range 3–18, B (95% CI) | p | Sexual Repression, range 3–18, B (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | −0.49 (−0.15 to 0.05) | 0.328 | −0.01 (−0.08 to 0.06) | 0.795 | 0.038 (−0.01 to 0.09) | 0.142 | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | 0.148 | −0.06 (−0.09 to −0.02) | < 0.001 |
| Male | 3.04 (0.56–5.51) | 0.017 | 1.76 (−0.07 to 3.59) | 0.059 | −0.66 (−1.95 to 0.62) | 0.310 | 0.64 (−0.10 to 1.39) | 0.088 | 0.128 (0.48–2.08) | 0.002 |
| Living alone | 0.49 (−2.38 to 3.36) | 0.736 | −1.18 (−3.28 to 0.93) | 0.273 | 2.77 (1.32–4.21) | < 0.001 | −0.57 (−1.42 to 0.28) | 0.188 | −0.52 (−1.45 to 0.42) | 0.275 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | −0.27 (−0.57 to 0.02) | 0.071 | −0.17 (−0.38 to 0.04) | 0.108 | 0.06 (−0.09 to 0.20) | 0.443 | −0.09 (−0.18−0.01) | 0.035 | −0.06 (−0.16 to 0.03) | 0.207 |
| Nonsmoker | −0.12 (−2.79 to 2.55) | 0.929 | −0.38 (−2.34 to 1.59) | 0.706 | −0.46 (−1.82 to 0.90) | 0.505 | 0.47 (−0.33 to 1.26) | 0.249 | −0.25 (−0.62 to 1.11) | 0.580 |
| Alcohol, per week | ||||||||||
| Never | −0.58 (−5.13 to 3.98) | 0.803 | 0.95 (−2.40 to 5.95) | 0.576 | −1.25 (−3.58 to 1.07) | 0.290 | 0.36 (−0.98 to 1.70) | 0.599 | −0.53 (−2.00 to 0.94) | 0.480 |
| 1–6 glasses | 2.46 (−1.41 to 6.33) | 0.212 | 3.10 (0.26–5.95) | 0.033 | −2.69 (−4.67 to −0.72) | 0.008 | 1.43 (0.29–2.57) | 0.014 | 0.62 (−0.63 to 1.87) | 0.329 |
| ≥ 7 glasses | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Education, yrs | ||||||||||
| < 10 | −2.51 (6.45–1.43) | 0.211 | −0.31 (−3.22 to 2.59) | 0.832 | 0.21 (−1.82 to 2.24) | 0.840 | −1.25 (−2.42 to −0.08) | 0.037 | −1.15 (−2.42 to 0.13) | 0.079 |
| 11–13 | 0.52 (−2.08 to 3.11) | 0.696 | 0.86 (1.05–2.77) | 0.377 | −0.16 (−1.50 to 1.17) | 0.811 | −0.15 (−0.92 to 0.62) | 0.710 | −0.02 (−0.87 to 0.82) | 0.956 |
| > 13 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| Unemployed/self-employed | −3.64 (−6.4 to 9.4) | 0.008 | −3.64 (−6.34 to −0.94) | 0.008 | 0.98 (−0.40 to 2.36) | 0.162 | −0.80 (−1.62 to 0.01) | 0.053 | −1.41 (−2.29 to −0.54) | 0.002 |
| Exercise < 1 h/week | −3.12 (−6.58 to 0.33) | 0.076 | −1.90 (−4.44 to 0.64) | 0.143 | 0.63 (1.15–2.41) | 0.487 | −0.66 (−1.69 to 0.37) | 0.209 | −1.19 (−2.31 to −0.06) | 0.038 |
| Disease duration, yrs | −0.01 (−0.11 to 0.10) | 0.918 | 0.02 (−0.06 to 0.10) | 0.612 | 0.04 (−0.02 to 0.09) | 0.161 | −0.02 (−0.05 to 0.01) | 0.160 | −0.04 (−0.08 to −0.01) | 0.019 |
| Comorbidity, total score (range 0–10) | −1.96 (−3.12 to −0.70) | 0.002 | −1.29 (−2.22 to −0.36) | 0.007 | 0.85 (0.21–1.50) | 0.010 | −0.59 (−0.96 to −0.22) | 0.002 | −0.92 (−1.32 to −0.52) | < 0.001 |
| Disease marker | ||||||||||
| HLA-B27–positive, n = 349 | 2.15 (−1.96 to 6.27) | 0.304 | 1.93 (−1.09 to 4.96) | 0.210 | −0.22 (−2.31 to 1.88) | 0.839 | −0.04 (−1.24 to 1.17) | 0.953 | 0.54 (−0.78 to 1.86) | 0.423 |
| Disease activity measures | ||||||||||
| CRP (mg/l) | −0.06 (−0.16 to 0.04) | 0.264 | −0.05 (−0.12 to 0.03) | 0.201 | 0.05 (−0.01 to 0.10) | 0.077 | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.00) | 0.091 | −0.03 (−0.06 to 0.00) | 0.069 |
| 68 tender joint count | −3.2 (−1.01 to 0.36) | 0.354 | −0.14 (−0.64 to 0.37) | 0.596 | −0.94 (−0.55 to 0.16) | 0.279 | −0.02 (−0.23 to 0.18) | 0.829 | 0.03 (−0.19 to 0.25) | 0.791 |
| 66 swollen joint count | −1.65 (−3.58 to 0.29) | 0.095 | −0.59 (−2.02 to 0.84) | 0.418 | −0.43 (−1.43 to 0.56) | 0.392 | −0.38 (−0.96 to 0.20) | 0.198 | −0.24 (−0.88 to 0.39) | 0.450 |
| BASDAI (0–10) | −1.36 (−1.92 to −0.80) | < 0.001 | −1.08 (−1.48 to −0.67) | < 0.001 | 0.37 (0.08–0.66) | 0.012 | −0.31 (−0.47 to −0.14) | < 0.001 | −0.35 (−0.54 to −0.17) | < 0.001 |
| MASES enthesitis score | −0.27 (−0.59 to 0.05) | 0.100 | −0.183 (−0.42 to 0.05) | < 0.001 | −0.06 (−0.23 to 0.10) | 0.443 | −0.03 (−0.13 to 0.07) | 0.550 | 0.01 (−0.10 to 0.11) | 0.889 |
| Damage | ||||||||||
| BASMI (0–10) | −0.76 (−1.34 to −0.17) | 0.011 | −0.42 (−0.85 to 0.01) | 0.058 | 0.19 (−0.11 to 0.49) | 0.223 | −0.27 (−0.44 to −0.10) | 0.002 | −0.26 (−0.45 to −0.07) | 0.009 |
| Health status | ||||||||||
| Morning stiffness, min | ||||||||||
| < 30 | 3.01 (0.57–5.45) | 0.016 | 2.46 (0.66–4.25) | 0.007 | −0.62 (−1.87 to 0.64) | 0.335 | 0.46 (0.27–1.16) | 0.219 | 0.73 (−0.06 to 1.53) | 0.071 |
| > 31 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | |||||
| BASFI (0–10) | −1.27 (−1.79 to −0.76) | < 0.001 | −0.91 (−1.29 to −0.53) | < 0.001 | 0.36 (0.09–0.63) | 0.010 | −0.36 (−0.52 to −0.21) | < 0.001 | −0.36 (−0.53 to −0.19) | < 0.001 |
| BAS-G (0–10) | −1.28 (−1.73 to −0.03) | < 0.001 | −1.00 (−1.33 to −0.67) | < 0.001 | 0.38 (0.14–0.61) | 0.002 | −0.32 (−0.45 to −0.18) | < 0.001 | −0.34 (−0.49 to −0.20) | < 0.001 |
| HAQ (0–3) | −4.32 (−6.69 to −1.95) | < 0.001 | −3.42 (−5.26 to −1.68) | < 0.001 | 1.67 (0.44–2.90) | 0.008 | −1.14 (−1.85 to −0.43) | 0.002 | −1.44 (−2.22 to −0.67) | < 0.001 |
| Health-related QOL | ||||||||||
| SF-36 PCS | 0.20 (0.07–0.32) | 0.002 | 0.16 (0.07– 0.25) | 0.001 | −0.05 (−0.11 to 0.02) | 0.164 | 0.04 (0.00–0.08) | 0.035 | 0.05 (0.00–0.09) | 0.030 |
| SF-36 MCS | 0.34 (0.23–0.45) | < 0.001 | 0.29 (0.21–0.37) | < 0.001 | −0.17 (−0.23 to −0.11) | < 0.001 | 0.10 (0.07–0.14) | < 0.001 | 0.12 (0.08–0.15) | < 0.002 |
| Current treatment | ||||||||||
| NSAID last 10 days | 0.23 (−2.16 to 2.60) | 0.847 | 0.09 (−1.65 to 1.84) | 0.916 | 0.15 (−1.06 to 1.37) | 0.804 | 0.06 (−0.64 to 0.77) | 0.859 | −0.09 (−0.86 to 0.68) | 0.817 |
| Synthetic DMARD | 2.18 (−3.35 to 7.72) | 0.438 | 1.58 (−2.50 to 5.65) | 0.448 | −0.99 (−3.83 to 1.86) | 0.497 | 1.02 (−0.62 to 2.67) | 0.223 | 0.56 (−1.24 to 2.37) | 0.539 |
| Biologic DMARD | 3.46 (0.72–6.20) | 0.014 | 2.19 (0.16– 4.22) | 0.034 | −0.77 (−2.19 to 0.65) | 0.289 | 1.35 (0.54–2.16) | 0.001 | 0.68 (−0.22 to 1.58) | 0.139 |
Univariate associations were performed using general linear model B (95% CI). SQOL: sexual quality of life; SQOL-F: SQOL-Female questionnaire; BMI: body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; MASES: Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score; BASFI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index; BAS-G: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Global Score; BASMI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index; HAQ: Health Assessment Questionnaire; SF-36 PCS: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 physical component summary; MCS: mental component summary; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.