Factors associated with baseline glucocorticoid use, using multivariable logistic regression.
| Variables | Baseline Use, OR (95% CI), N = 17,514 | p |
|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | ||
| < 50 | Reference | — |
| 50–65 | 1.05 (0.95–1.17) | 0.35 |
| 65–80 | 0.88 (0.78–0.99) | 0.03 |
| ≥ 80 | 0.93 (0.80–1.07) | 0.31 |
| Female | 0.83 (0.74–0.91) | < 0.001 |
| Race | ||
| White | Reference | — |
| Nonwhite | 1.22 (1.12–1.33) | < 0.001 |
| Unknown | 0.81 (0.73–0.90) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking | 1.16 (1.09–1.24) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.98 (0.98–0.99) | < 0.001 |
| Ln(CRP), mg/dl | 1.13 (1.10–1.16) | < 0.001 |
| Depression | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 0.04 |
| Anxiety | 1.09 (1.00–1.18) | 0.05 |
| Diabetes | 0.77 (0.71–0.84) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer | 0.90 (0.80–1.02) | 0.09 |
| ILD | 1.28 (1.08–1.53) | 0.005 |
| Asthma/COPD | 1.18 (1.09–1.28) | < 0.001 |
| Charlson score, per 1 point | 1.11 (1.08–1.14) | < 0.001 |
| HCQ use | 1.38 (1.26–1.50) | < 0.001 |
| Prior conventional DMARD | 0.85 (0.79–0.92) | < 0.001 |
| Year 2011–2014 vs 2006–2010 | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 0.16 |
Tested but excluded with p > 0.2: anti-CCP antibody positive, posttraumatic stress disorder, congestive heart failure, chronic kidney disease, myocardial infarction, concomitant leflunomide/sulfasalazine. BMI: body mass index; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; ln(CRP): natural logarithm of C-reactive protein; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DMARD: disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; ILD: interstitial lung disease; CCP: cyclic citrullinated peptide.