Overview of histological appearances of tissue obtained from AL reported over the past 60 years.
| Author (yr) | Tissue Retrieval | Samples | Dx | Description | Etiology |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wholey (1960)5 | Open biopsy | 2 | S | A rheumatoid inflammatory reaction | Inflammation |
| Hansen (1967)6 | Biopsy | 1 | S | Nonspecific granulomatous inflammatory tissue | Inflammation |
| Kanefield (1969)21 | Biopsy | 3 | DL | Fibrinoid degeneration, macrophages, fibrous tissue, and fibroblasts | Inflammation and trauma |
| Wu (1988)17 | Surgical resection | 8 | P | Fibrous tissue, aggregates of blood vessels, necrotic bone and cartilage, absent inflammatory cells | Trauma |
| Arnold (1989)22 | Surgical resection | 1 | DL | Fibrocartilage with low-grade inflammatory infiltrate and necrotic bone fragments | Trauma and inflammation |
| Langlois (2005)20 | Open biopsy | 3 | D | Tissue repair, no evidence of inflammation | Trauma |
| Kim (2007)23 | Surgical resection | 12 | P | Hypovascular fibrous tissue, chondrodysplasia, sclerotic bony spincules, and necrotic bone within degenerated fibrotic marrow | Trauma |
| Current study | Surgical resection | 17 | P | Hemosiderin deposition, necrotic bone fragments, fibrinoid necrosis, hypovascular edematous fibrous tissue, laminae-bearing vessels, calcium deposition, capillary congeries, regenerative fibrocartilage, mild inflammation | Trauma |
Dx: diagnosis; S: spondylodiscitis; DL: destructive lesion; D: discitis; P: pseudarthrosis; AL: Andersson lesions.