Baseline characteristics of pulmonary hemorrhage of patients with SLE.
| Variables | CMV−/PJP−, n = 19 | CMV or PJP+, n = 8 |
|---|---|---|
| Age at hospitalization, yrs | 33.2 (28.3–43.7) | 34.2 (32.7–56.0) |
| Female sex | 18 (94.7) | 8 (100) |
| Duration of SLE > 3 yrs | 14 (73.7) | 5 (62.5) |
| History of lupus nephritis | 17 (89.5) | 7 (87.5) |
| SLEDAI-2K score | 12 (7–19) | 11.5 (3.3–20.3) |
| BAL procedure after PH onset, days | 5 (3–6) | 5.5 (0.75–20) |
| Hemosiderin-laden macrophage in BALF | 8 (50) | 5 (71.4) |
| Laboratory data | ||
| WBC count, 103/μl | 8.29 (4.8–11.3) | 6.45 (1.58–15.42) |
| Lymphocyte count, 103/μl | 0.58 (0.35–1.00) | 0.29 (0.19–0.69) |
| Hemoglobin, g/l | 7.2 (6.0–8.0) | 7.1 (6.6–7.9) |
| Platelet count, 109/l | 87 (57–171) | 134 (92–190) |
| Serum IgG, mg/dl | 934 (699–1530) | 874 (565–874) |
| Serum albumin, g/dl | 2.8 (2.5–3.0) | 2.7 (2.1–3.0) |
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 2.27 (1.21–4.25) | 2.51 (1.83–4.67) |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/l | 42 (26–99) | 49 (35–62) |
| C-reactive protein, mg/dl | 2.17 (0.68–5.29) | 3.47 (0.16–20.11) |
| C3, mg/dl | 47.6 (34.0–67.0) | 59.4 (46.3–79.4) |
| C4, mg/dl | 12.4 (5.1–17.8) | 15.1(9.4–28.7) |
| Anti-dsDNA antibody positivity | 9 (47.4) | 3 (37.5) |
| Anti-Sm antibody positivity | 2 (28.6) | 1 (20) |
| Anti-RNP antibody positivity | 3 (42.9) | 3 (60) |
| Background medications | ||
| Prednisolone equivalent, mg/day | 10 (5–15) | 17.5 (11.3–23.8) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 4 (21.1) | 2 (25) |
| Azathioprine | 4 (21.1) | 2 (25) |
| Mycophenolate | 3 (15.8) | 2 (25) |
| Calcineurin inhibitors | 2 (10.5) | 1 (12.5) |
| Cyclophosphamide* | 3 (15.8) | 0 |
| Rituximab** | 1 (5.3) | 1 (12.5) |
| Ventilator usage | 15 (78.9) | 7 (87.5) |
| APACHE II score† | 26 (22–27) | 24 (24–28) |
| SOFA score† | 9 (8–11) | 8 (6–12) |
| ECMO usage† | 0 | 2 (33.3) |
| Treatment for PH | ||
| Plasmapheresis | 11 (57.9) | 4 (50) |
| IVIG | 2 (10.5) | 4 (50)‡ |
| IV pulse methylprednisolone | 2 (10.5) | 4 (50)‡ |
| Cyclophosphamide | 0 | 1 (12.5) |
Values are presented as median (IQR) or n (%).
↵* Within 3 months or
↵** 6 months before pulmonary hemorrhage.
↵† Only for patients ever supported with mechanical ventilation.
↵‡ p < 0.05 vs patients without CMV pneumonia or PJP (CMV−/PJP−). SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; BAL: bronchoalveolar lavage; BALF: BAL fluid; CMV: cytomegalovirus pneumonia; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IVIG: intravenous Ig; PH: pulmonary hemorrhage; PJP: Pneumocystic jiroveci pneumonia; SLEDAI-2K: SLE Disease Activity Index 2000; SOFA: sequential organ failure assessment; WBC: white blood cell; IQR: interquartile range.