Disease activity, clinical manifestations, and damage.
| Variables | N | Disease Activity | P values for Between-group Differences | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Moderate | Moderately High | Very High | ANOVA | Chi-square Test | Test for Trend | ||
| SLEDAI-2K, mean (SD) | 2019 | 1.1 (1.1) | 4.1 (0.3) | 7.0 (1.0) | 13.5 (4.6) | |||
| SLAM-R, mean (SD) | 1943 | 5.5 (4.8) | 7.1 (3.9) | 8.4 (4.7) | 10.5 (6.4) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| PGA VAS, mean (SD) | 1943 | 7.7 (14.7) | 11.4 (21.0) | 14.8 (24.1) | 23.5 (32.6) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| SLAQ, mean (SD) | 630 | 10.5 (10.1) | 13.8 (10.2) | 15.7 (10.8)) | 22.9 (13.5) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| SF-36, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| PCS | 910 | 40.4 (12.0) | 40.5 (12.1) | 39.4 (14.1) | 36.8 (11.4) | 0.453 | 0.205 | |
| MCS | 910 | 46.9 (12.3) | 46.3 (11.6) | 44.7 (11.9) | 43.8 (12.4) | 0.395 | 0.127 | |
| ACR classification criteria met at cohort entry | ||||||||
| No. met, mean (SD) | 1736 | 5.53 (1.61) | 5.55 (1.56) | 5.69 (1.74) | 5.94 (1.64) | 0.005 | < 0.001 | |
| Individual criteria, % (N) | ||||||||
| Malar rash | 1902 | 55.7 (849) | 60.4 (373) | 59.2 (412) | 59.6 (267) | 0.356 | 0.168 | |
| Discoid rash | 1812 | 15.1 (830) | 12.4 (347) | 15.2 (387) | 11.3 (248) | 0.320 | 0.286 | |
| Photosensitivity | 1867 | 47.3 (842) | 50.0 (363) | 50.7 (402) | 50.2 (260) | 0.843 | 0.506 | |
| Oral/nasal ulcerations | 1869 | 50.0 (846) | 44.1 (363) | 53.8 (398) | 55.0 (262) | 0.003 | 0.001 | |
| Arthritis | 1944 | 73.0 (866) | 77.0 (383) | 85.1 (422) | 84.6 (273) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Serositis | 1844 | 31.9 (836) | 30.6 (359) | 34.5 (397) | 36.5 (252) | 0.372 | 0.142 | |
| Renal | 1867 | 36.4 (838) | 42.3 (369) | 40.4 (403) | 49.8 (257) | 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Neurologic | 1923 | 9.3 (817) | 6.9 (346) | 8.0 (386) | 14.4 (250) | 0.013 | 0.131 | |
| Hematologic | 1923 | 72.9 (859) | 76.5 (383) | 67.5 (418) | 73.4 (263) | 0.036 | 0.362 | |
| Immunologic | 1923 | 81.0 (863) | 85.8 (386) | 82.6 (419) | 88.6 (271) | 0.015 | 0.013 | |
| ANA | 1939 | 96.8 (874) | 96.4 (392) | 97.0 (426) | 94.8 (270) | 0.433 | 0.278 | |
| Serology, ever positive*, % (N) | ||||||||
| dsDNA | 949 | 76.6 (402) | 81.2 (181) | 87.1 (217) | 86.6 (149) | 0.004 | < 0.001 | |
| Anti-Ro/SSA | 1605 | 32.4 (707) | 39.3 (313) | 35.0 (351) | 39.3 (234) | 0.091 | 0.071 | |
| Anti-La/SSB | 1593 | 13.9 (707) | 14.3 (308) | 15.0 (347) | 17.7 (231) | 0.539 | 0.184 | |
| Anti-Sm | 902 | 24.6 (391) | 30.2 (169) | 22.2 (203) | 33.8 (139) | 0.052 | 0.199 | |
| Anti-RNP | 1598 | 24.1 (706) | 26.9 (309) | 29.1 (347) | 37.3 (236) | 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| aPL | 899 | 49.5 (392) | 46.1 (165) | 37.7 (204) | 39.1 (138) | 0.023 | 0.004 | |
| SLICC/ACR Damage Index scores at cohort entry, mean (SD) | 1549 | 1.2 (1.8) | 1.2 (1.7) | 1.3 (1.8) | 1.3 (1.7) | 0.448 | 0.116 | |
↵* Serology was not collected for all patients; for some it was only recorded whether or not patients had met the immunologic criterion for SLE, or included in SLEDAI scores. SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SLEDAI: SLE Disease Activity Index; SLAM-R: revised Systemic Lupus Activity Measure; PGA: physician’s global assessment; VAS: visual analog scale; SLAQ: Systemic Lupus Activity Questionnaire; SF-36: Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36; PCS: physical component summary; MCS: mental component summary; ACR: American College of Rheumatology; SLICC: Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics; ANA: antinuclear antibody; aPL: antiphospholipid antibodies.