Table 2.

Associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial stiffness, in multivariable linear regression.

	Outcome AIx				Outcome lnPWV
	Univariate		Multivariable		Univariate		Multivariable
	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p	B (95% CI)	p
Age, yrs	0.8 (0.6–0.9)	< 0.001	0.5 (0.3–0.6)	< 0.001	0.012 (0.009–0.014)	< 0.001	0.009 (0.006–0.012)	< 0.001
Sex, male	−12.5 (−16.9 to −8.0)	< 0.001	−9.4 (−12.6 to −6.2)	< 0.001	0.035 (−0.042 to 0.113)	0.37	0.111 (0.046–0.176)	0.001
VO₂peak, ml/kg/min	−0.4 (−0.6 to −0.2)^a	0.002	−0.3 (−0.6 to −0.1)	0.01	−0.003 (−0.007 to 0.002)^a	0.24	−0.005 (−0.010 to −0.001)	0.03
Current smoking	0.7 (−3.6 to 5.0)^a	0.74			−0.072 (−0.147 to 0.003)^a	0.06
BMI, kg/m²	0.2 (−0.3 to 0.6)^a	0.44			0.007 (−0.001 to 0.015)^a	0.09
CRP, mg/l	0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3)^a	0.16			0.002 (−0.001 to 0.005)^a	0.28
ASDAS	1.0 (−0.7 to 2.7)^a	0.25			0.010 (−0.022 to 0.041)^a	0.54
NSAID	0.2 (−3.6 to 3.1)^a	0.89			−0.034 (−0.093 to 0.026)^a	0.26
TC, mmol/l	0.3 (−1.2 to 1.8)^a	0.67			0.032 (0.005−0.059)^a	0.02	0.028 (0.003–0.053)	0.03
HDL-C, mmol/l	−2.9 (−6.6 to 0.8)^a	0.12			−0.006 (−0.075 to 0.063)^a	0.86
CMAP, mmHg	0.3 (0.2–0.4)^a	< 0.001	0.3 (0.1–0.4)	< 0.001	0.006 (0.003–0.008)^a	< 0.001	0.004 (0.002–0.007)	0.001
Height, cm	−0.1 (−0.3 to 0.1)^a	0.18			NA	NA
Loss of height, cm	NA	NA			−0.011 (−0.020 to −0.002)^a	0.02	−0.011 (−0.020 to −0.002)	0.02
R²			0.69				0.63

Linear regression models with arterial stiffness as dependent variable.
↵a Adjusted age and sex. AIx: augmentation index; ASDAS: Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score; BMI: body mass index; CMAP: central mean arterial pressure; CRP: C-reactive protein; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NA: not applicable; NSAID: nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; TC: total cholesterol; VO₂peak: peak oxygen uptake; lnPWV: log-transformed pulse wave velocity.