Patients with concordant false-negative and discordant results.
| Diagnosis | Agreement | Pathogenesis | Received Antibiotics before Sampling | PCR Result | Microcalorimetry | SF Culture | Intraoperative Tissue Cultures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Septic arthritis | Concordant false-negative results | Hematogenous | Yes | − | − | − | E. coli |
| Postinterventional | No | − | − | − | S. epidermidis, F. magna | ||
| Postinterventional | Yes | − | − | − | C. acnes (3/5) | ||
| Discordant results | Hematogenous | No | − | + | S. dysgalactiae | ND | |
| Hematogenous | Yes | − | + | S. pneumoniae* | S. pneumoniae* | ||
| Postinterventional | No | − | + | S. aureus | S. aureus | ||
| Postinterventional | No | − | + | S. aureus | ND | ||
| Hematogenous | No | S. agalactiae | − | S. agalactiae | S. agalactiae | ||
| Postinterventional | No | S. pyogenes | − | S. dysgalactiae | S. dysgalactiae | ||
| Postinterventional | No | − | − | C. clostridioforme* | C. clostridioforme* | ||
| Hematogenous | No | − | + | − | − | ||
| Contiguous | Yes | − | + | − | S. aureus | ||
| Hematogenous | Yes | − | + | − | − | ||
| Noninfectious arthritis | Discordant results | Osteoarthritis | No | C. acnes | − | − | ND |
| Posttraumatic | No | C. acnes | − | − | ND | ||
| Unknown | No | K. pneumoniae | − | − | ND | ||
| Crystal-induced | No | − | + | − | ND | ||
| Reactive | No | − | + | − | ND |
↵* Microorganisms not included in the PCR test panel and therefore not detectable by this method. −: negative result; +: positive result; ND: not done (i.e., no subsequent surgery was performed); SF: synovial fluid; E. coli: Escherichia coli; S. epidermidis: Staphylococcus epidermidis; F. magna: Finegoldia magna; C. acnes: Cutibacterium acnes; S. dysgalactiae: Streptococcus dysgalactiae; S. pneumoniae: Streptococcus pneumoniae; S. aureus: Streptococcus aureus; S. agalactiae: Streptococcus agalactiae; S. pyogenes: Streptococcus pyogenes; C. clostridioforme: Clostridium clostridioforme; K. pneumoniae: Klebsiella pneumoniae.